2. 考研
  3. Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urb

Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urb

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问题   Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage.(1)On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. (2)Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.
   (3)From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
   There are two ways by which the pollution problem can be dwindled.(4)The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.
   A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes.(5)Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained.
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答案 (1)另一方面，用水需求的不断增长将使得可用于稀释废水的水量大大减少。 (2)快速发展的工业越来越多地采用各种复杂的化学方法，从而使废水大量增多，而很多废水中含有多种有害的化学物质。 (3)由此看来，必须立即采取果断行动研究污染问题的整治措施。 (4)第一种是通过废物处理减少污染的危害，包括固体废物排放“之前”的处理和液体废物或污水的处理，从而实现水的循环利用或者尽量降低最终排放前的污染程度。 (5)农田中施用农家肥补充肥分或有机肥。有些地区使用污水处理厂排放的污水进行灌溉施肥。其他水处理厂排出的废水也可用作补充水源。
解析 注意此段短文翻译中科技英语的翻译，并注意措辞。
   (1)本句翻译时，由于英汉两种语言结构类似，翻译是可采用对等翻译法，故“On the other hand，increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes”翻译为“另一方面，用水需求的不断增长将使得可用于稀释废水的水量大大减少”。
   (2)本句翻译时，要注意定语从句“which involve more and more complex chemical processes”的翻译，应将此句译为一个独立句，不要机械地译为定语从句，因此，翻译时要采用结构转换法来翻译。
   (3)本句翻译时，要注意句子“it is apparent that…”中的“it”，它是形式主语，而真正主语是“that”引导的主语从句。故译为“由此看来，必须立即采取果断行动研究污染问题的整治措施”。
   (4)本句翻译时，要注意句子“This involves…”后面的三个宾语和目的状语的翻译。故译为“包括固体废物排放‘之前’的处理和液体废物或污水的处理，从而实现水的循环利用或者尽量降低最终排放前的污染程度”。
   (5)本句翻译时，要注意句子“Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained”，翻译是要采用增词法来翻译，故译为“有些地区使用污水处理厂排放的污水进行灌溉施肥。其他水处理厂排出的废水也可用作补充水源”。
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