首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Engineering for sustainable development The Greenhou
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Engineering for sustainable development The Greenhou
admin
2014-11-08
53
问题
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Engineering for sustainable development
The Greenhouse Project(Himalayan mountain region)
Problem
Short growing season because of high altitude and low 【L31】______
Freeh vegetabiee imported by lorry or by 【L32】______, so are expensive
Need to use eunlight to prevent local plants from 【L33】______
Previous programmes to provide greenhouses were 【L34】______
Hew greenhouse
Meets criteria for sustainability
Simple and 【L35】______to build
Made mainly from local materials(mud or stone for the walls, wood and 【L36】______for the roof)
Building and maintenance done by local craftsmen
Runs solely on 【L37】______energy
Only families who have a suitable 【L38】______can own one
Design
long side faces south
Strong polythene cover
inner 【L39】______are painted black or white
Social benefits
Owners’ status is improved
Rural 【L40】______have greater opportunities
More children are educated
【L36】
Narrator: You will hear a lecturer talking to a group of engineering students about the design of a greenhouse. Before you listen, you have some time to look at Questions 31-40. Now listen, and answer Questions 31-40.
Lecturer: Good afternoon. This is the first of a series of lectures I’ll be giving about engineering for sustainable development. I’ll be presenting examples of engineering projects from a variety of contexts, and today I’m going to talk about a project to design a new kind of greenhouse for use in the Himalayan mountain regions.
First of all, I’ll tell you about the problem which was the context for this project. In the Himalayan mountains, fresh vegetables and other crops can only be grown outside for about ninety days, during the summer, because the altitude of the region is around three thousand five hundred metres, and because the rainfall is so low. In winter, temperatures fall below minus twenty-five degrees celcius, so fresh vegetables have to be imported. They arrive by truck in summer or by air in winter, which makes them expensive. Local people rely on dried leafy vegetables and stored root crops during the winter, and rarely eat fresh vegetables.
But despite the sub-zero temperatures, the skies over the region are cloudless, and there are over three hundred sunny days per year. So an engineering solution was needed, to exploit the sun’s energy and protect locally produced plants from freezing during winter. And in fact, there had been programmes in the past to provide greenhouses, but these were unsuccessful. The greenhouses weren’t adapted for local conditions, so they tended to fall into disuse.
So, a few years ago, a project was initiated to design a better greenhouse, one which would meet the criteria for sustainability.
Lecturer: So, what are the criteria for sustainability? Well, first of all, the new greenhouse is designed to be relatively simple, so construction is cheap. Locally available materials are used wherever possible. The walls are generally constructed of mud bricks, made locally, although in areas of high snow-fall more resilient walls of stone are needed. Rammed earth is also used. The main roof is generally made from locally available poplar wood, with water-resistant local grass for the covering. In addition, the construction and maintenance of the greenhouse is done by local craftsmen. So local stone masons are employed to build the greenhouse walls, and specialised training is provided for them wherever necessary. Then... the greenhouse is designed to run on solar power alone, there’s no supplementary heating. And lastly, families are selected to own one of the new greenhouses with great care. They have to have a site which is suitable for constructing it on. They also have to be keen to make a success of using it, and also to share the produce with the wider community through sale or barter. Potential owners are taken to see existing greenhouses before they make a final decision about having one.
So, those are the features which make the project sustainable. And now I’ll briefly describe the design of the greenhouse. The greenhouses are orientated very carefully along an East-West axis, so that there’s a long South-facing side. The transparent cover on the South-facing side is made from a heavy-duty polythene, which should last for at least five years. On the inside of the greenhouse, the walls are painted—the rear and west-facing walls are black, to improve heat absorption, but the east-facing wall is white to reflect the morning sunlight onto the crops inside. Finally, there’s a door in the wall at one end, and vents are incorporated into the roof, the door and the wall at the other end, to enable control of humidity and prevent overheating.
I’ll turn now to the benefits which have resulted from the introduction of these new greenhouses. These benefits are of various kinds, but for now I’ll just mention the social benefits.
First of all, people who own a greenhouse gain social standing in their communities, because they provide vegetables for the wider community, for regular consumption as well as for festivals, and they also earn income. Secondly, because in rural areas it is women who usually grow the food, the greenhouses have increased their opportunities. They bring the benefits of improved nutrition, and increased family income, from the sale of surplus produce. And thirdly, as a result of their improved financial position, some families can now afford to educate their children for the first time.
选项
答案
grass
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/tptYFFFM
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
AccordingtovonKárman,ascientistseekstounderstandwhatis;anengineer,tocreatewhatnever.Butdichotomiesareseldom
Projectingtheideaofadistinctivefemaledemandinseventeenth-andeighteenth-centuryEnglandwasagroundbreakingdeparture
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyousomequestionsaboutyourself,suchas:—Whatcountrydoyoucomefrom?—Whichothercountriesh
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyousomequestionsaboutyourself,suchas:—Whattownorcitydoyoucomefrom?—Canyoudescrib
Tellmeaboutafamouspersonwhoyouparticularlyadmire.Youshouldsay:whothepersonis(was)andwhytheyare(were)famo
Describeatraditionalfestivalinyourculture.Youshouldsay:whatthefestivaliswhenthefestivaliscelebratedhowpeople
Doyouthinkpeopleshouldhavemorepublicholidays?
Whydomoreandmorepeoplegoabroadfortheirholidays?
Somepeoplethinkthebestwaytoreducecrimeistogivelongerprisonsentences.Others,however,thinktherearebetterways
Asmostpeoplespendamajorpartoftheiradultlifeatwork,jobsatisfactionisanimportantelementofindividualwellbeing.
随机试题
下述哪一种是非特异性梅毒血清试验
纽曼保健系统模式主要包括的三个部分不包括
某男,52岁,哮喘已六年,反复缠绵不愈,喉中痰鸣,胸闷胁痛,爪甲青紫,面色晦黯,有时夹有口苦口干,便干腹胀,舌紫暗或有瘀斑,脉沉涩。应为
A.脾阳虚证B.寒湿困脾证C.湿热蕴脾证D.肝胆湿热证E.肾气不固证
直接接触防护应选用()。
受甲公司委托,乙锅炉压力容器检测检验站委派具有检验资格的张某,到甲公司对一200立方米的球形液氧储罐进行检测检验。该球罐是由丙公司制造、丁施工公司安装的。依据《特种设备安全法》的规定,下列关于张某检测和执业的说法,正确的是()。
建设项目安全设施设计有下列()情形的,不予批准,并不得开工建设。
根据皮亚杰的理论,图式从低级到高级发展是通过同化与顺应的形式进行的。()
党的十一届三中全会的主要功绩是()。
Between1883and1837,thepublishersofa"pennypress"provedthatalow-pricedpaper,editedtointerestordinarypeople,cou
最新回复
(
0
)