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  3. In almost all cases the soft parts of fossils are gone for ever but they were fitted around or within the hard parts. Many of th

In almost all cases the soft parts of fossils are gone for ever but they were fitted around or within the hard parts. Many of th

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问题     In almost all cases the soft parts of fossils are gone for ever but they were fitted around or within the hard parts. Many of them also were attached to the hard parts and usually such attachments are visible as depressed or elevated areas, ridges or grooves, smooth or rough patches on the hard parts. The muscles most important for the activities of the animal and most evident in the appearance of the living animal are those attached to the hard parts and possible to reconstruct from their attachments. Much can be learned about a vanished brain from the inside of the skull in which it was lodged.
    Restoration of the external appearance of an extinct animal has little or no scientific value. It does not even help in inferring what the activities of the living animal were, how fast it could run, what its food was, or such other conclusions as are important for the history of life. However, what most people want to know about extinct animals is what they looked like when they were alive. Scientists also would like to know. Things like fossil shells present no great problem as a rule, because the hard parts are external when the animal is alive and the outer appearance is actually preserved in the fossils.
    Animals in which the skeleton is internal present great problems of restoration, and honest restorers admit that they often have to use considerable guessing. The general shape and contours of the body are fixed by the skeleton and by muscles attached to the skeleton, but surface features, which may give the animal its really characteristic look, are seldom restorable with any real probability of accuracy. The present often helps to interpret the past. An extinct animal presumably looked more or less like its living relatives, if it has any. This, however, may be quite equivocal. For example, extinct members of the horse family are usually restored to look somewhat like the most familiar living horses — domestic horses and their closest wild relatives. It is, however, possible and even probable that many extinct horses were striped like zebras. If lions and tigers were extinct they would be restored to look exactly alike. No living elephants have much hair and mammoths, which are extinct elephants, would doubtless be restored as hairless if we did not happen to know that they had thick, woolly coats. We know this only because mammoths are so recently extinct that prehistoric men drew pictures of them and that the hide and hair have actually been found in a few specimens. For older extinct animals we have no such clues.
The muscles of a fossilized animal can sometimes be reconstructed because
选项 A、they were preserved with the present relatives of the animal.
B、they were lodged inside the animal’s skull.
C、they were hardened parts of the animal’s body.
D、they were attached to the animal’s skeleton.
答案D
解析 事实细节题。首先观察本题选项，[A]和 [D]两项均属绝对表述，绝对项一般不是解。而且，原文第三段第一句提到，负责复原的科学家说，他们不得不采用大量的推测，可见，并不是accurately。因此[A]项错误，同时也可以排除[C]项。首段第二句提到，软组织会呈现为硬组织上突出的或凹陷的部位、脊部或沟槽、硬组织的平坦或粗糙的外表。由此可见，软组织通常会留下痕迹。所以[B]表述正确，而[D]表述错误。
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