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  3. In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public offices, taxes, constitution

In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public offices, taxes, constitution

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问题      In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public offices, taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and other issues, The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by several factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, special-interest groups, and opinion leaders.
     Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably do not share the same views as white-collar workers, non-union workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of full-time homemakers. In these and other ways individual status shapes one’s view of current events.
     The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences on the way people think and act. Government officials note how mail from the public tends to "follow the headlines". Whatever is featured in news- papers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform themselves and to express opinions.
     The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of public issues than existed before. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to re- main localized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for example, elections to the national legislatures were usually viewed by voters as local contests. Today’s elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency. Since the days of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his "fireside chats", presidents have appealed directly to a national audience over the heads of Congress to advocate their programs.
     Special-interest groups spend vast sums annually trying to influence public opinion. Public utilities, for instance, tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants. Opposed to them were citizens’ organizations successful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of medicare.
     Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians, some business personalities, and celebrity athletes. The opinions of these individuals, whether informed and intelligent or not, carry weight with some segments of the population. Some individuals, such as Nobel Prize winners, are suddenly thrust into public view by the media. By quickly reaching a large audience, their views gain a hearing and ere perhaps influential in shaping views on complex issues.  
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
选项 A、TV programs have a strong influence on governmental policy.
B、Chats on televisions are chief means of running for presidency.
C、More and more people show interest in politics because of TV.
D、Before the use of TV, people showed little interest in politics.
答案C
解析 细节题。本题为细节比对题。四个选项涉及的都是电视这种媒体，因此答案信息应是对应于第四段。A 中的governmental policy在该段中没有涉及B 曲解了该段最后一句的意思；C 与该段第一句(主题句)的意思相符；D 与该段第二、三句指出的事实不符。
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