A、Nursing was an art that could not be taught. B、Additional medical care from nurses was unnecessary. C、Volunteer nurses from th

Before the 1870’s, trained nurses were virtually unknown in the United States. Hospital nursing was an unskilled occupation, taken up by women of the lower classes, some of whom were from the charity house. The movement for reform originated not with doctors, but among upper-class women, who had taken on the role of guardians of a new hygienic order. Though some doctors approved of the women’s desire to establish a nurses’ training school, which would attract the daughters of the middle class, other medical men were opposed. Plainly threatened by the prospect, they objected that educated nurses would not do as they were told. When resisted, as they were at Bellevue in efforts to install trained nurses on the maternity wards, they went over the heads of the doctors to men of their own class of greater power and authority. Professional nursing, in short, emerged neither from medical discoveries nor from a program of hospital reform initiated by physicians; outsiders saw the need first.
Questions 21-25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
21. According to the passage, what could best describe nurses in the United States in the 1850’s?
22. Who is the first advocate of nursing training in the United States?
23. According to the passage, why some doctors objected to the establishment of nursing schools?
24. Which of the following is discussed in the passage?
25. What can be inferred from the passage?