A、Keeping silent in the background. B、Playing music in the background. C、Talking in the background. D、Playing TV in the backgrou

(I): Um-hum. Now you mentioned something about maximizing your learning potential by learning about your own individual learning styles. Can you elaborate on that?
(A): Sure. People often have different ways of learning and approach learning tasks differently.(16)Now, our preferences are determined by many factors, for example, personality, culture and past experience. Basically there are three learning styles. The first type is called visual learning style.(17)Visual learners prefer to see models of the patterns they are expected to learn: it is a learning style in which ideas, concepts, data and other information are associated with images and techniques. It is one of the three basic types of learning styles that also includes kinesthetic learning and auditory learning. Visual learners also prosper when shown graphs, graphic organizers, such as webs, concept maps and idea maps, plots, and illustrations such as stack plots and Venn plots, some of the techniques used in visual learning to enhance thinking and learning skills. Visual learners usually possess the qualities of having great instinctive direction and having the ability to easily visualize objects.
(I): It really sounds complicated. Well then, how about the second type?
(A): The second type is called auditory learning and auditory learners favor hearing instructions, for example, over reading them. Auditory learners may have a knack for ascertaining the true meaning of someone’s words by listening to audible signals like changes in tone. When memorizing a phone number, an auditory learner will say it out loudly and then remember how it sounded to recall it. Auditory learners are good at writing responses to lectures they’ve heard. They’re also good at oral exams, effectively by listening to information delivered orally, in lectures, speeches, and oral sessions.(18)It is believed that when an auditory / verbal learner reads, it is almost impossible for the learner to comprehend anything without sound in the background. In these situations, listening to music or having different sounds in the background(TV, people talking, etc.)will help learners work better.
(I): So, Dr. Adams, what is your learning style?
(A): Well, I’m a very tactile learner.
(I): You mean one who learns through hands-on experience?
(A): Exactly.
(I): So, how docs knowing your learning style benefit you?
(A): Well, this might seem a little unusual, but moving around while trying to learn and memorize material recite aloud vocabulary to the rhythm of the knife.(19)But it is important to remember that often our learning styles are not singular in nature, but are often very multidimensional, and we tend to learn differently in different situations.
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.
16. Which of the following factors does NOT determine our preference in learning?
17. Which of the following is NOT true about the visual learners?
18. Which background is NOT helpful to the auditory learners?
19. Why does Dr. Adams say learning styles are not singular in nature?