2. 外语
  3. Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche(精神)was superiority. Although【1】he believed that individu

Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche(精神)was superiority. Although【1】he believed that individu

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问题     Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche(精神)was superiority. Although【1】he believed that individuals struggled to【2】superiority over others, Adler eventually developed a more【3】definition of the drive for superiority.
    Adler’s【4】of striving for superiority does not refer to the everyday meaning of the word superiority. He did not mean that we【5】seek to surpass one another in【6】or position, nor did he mean that we seek to【7】an exaggerated importance over our【8】.
    Rather, Adler’s drive for superiority involves the desire, to be competent and effective, complete and【9】, in whatever one strives to do.
    Striving for superiority occasionally takes the【10】of an exaggerated lust for power. An individual may seek to play god and exercise【11】over objects and people. The goal may introduce a【12】tendency into our lives, in which we play games of "dog eat dog". But such【13】of the desire for superiority do not reflect its more【14】, constructive nature.
    According to Adler, striving for superiority is innate and is part of the struggle for survival that human beings share with other species in the【15】of evolution. From this【16】, life is not【17】by the need to reduce【18】or restore equilibrium, as Sigmund Freud tended to think; instead, life is encouraged by the desire to move from below to above, from minus to plus, from【19】to superior. The particular ways in which individuals undertakes their【20】for superiority are determined by their culture, their unique history, and their style of life.
【12】
选项 A、amiable
B、hostile
C、alien
D、cruel
答案B
解析 选项B表示“有害的；敌对的，敌方的，敌意的”，指态度、行为十分不友好且具危险性。根据上下文，上文提到“an exaggerated lust for power”以及下文的“dogeat dog”，可见“the goal of superiority is hostile”。而选项A“和蔼可亲的；令人愉悦的”与原文意思相反，选项C“外国的，外国人的；陌生的”，选项D“残忍的，残酷的”是本题的干扰项，不符合题意。
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