2. 外语
  3. For years doctors have given cancer patients three main treatments: surgery, radiation and chemotheraphy. Now researchers are de

For years doctors have given cancer patients three main treatments: surgery, radiation and chemotheraphy. Now researchers are de

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问题 For years doctors have given cancer patients three main treatments: surgery, radiation and chemotheraphy. Now researchers are developing a fourth weapon: the patient’ s own immune system. New vaccines(疫苗)and drugs can stimulate the production of an army of cells and antibodies that kill cancer cells.
Drug-vaccine therapy may be lifesaver for Deerfield man. Few people survive advanced melanoma, but immune therapy is giving Deerfield resident Douglas Parker a fighting chance. The 46-year-old salesman noticed a mole on his chest three and a half years ago that was found to be cancerous. Doctors removed the mole but didn’t get all of the cancer. The cancer spread to other parts of his body, including his liver, where a tumor grew as large as a baseball. Parker took interferon and interleukin-2 to boost his immune system’s ability to fight the cancer. The tumor shrank but didn’t disappear. In au- gust, 1997, surgeons removed it, along with two-thirds of his liver. Last January, doctors discovered a new tumor on Parker’s left adrenal gland(肾上腺). He received an ex- perimenta1 cancer vaccine at the University of Chicago Hospitals, but the vaccine did n’ t stop the cancer from spreading to his right adrenal gland.
To augment the vaccine, doctors at Lutheran General Hospital gave Parker a new round of interleukin-2 and interferon. The drug-vaccine combination has shrunk the tumors. And while it’s too early to pronounce Parker cured, immune therapy may save his life. "I want to do this to help myself as well as other people who have melanoma," he said.
Immune therapy "ultimately will be a significant change in the way we treat a lot of different cancers," said Dr. Jon Richards of Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge, who is testing cancer vaccine on melanoma patients. "It will be an equal partner with the other three treatments in the next five to ten years." Several drugs that bolster the immune system have been approved, and vaccines are being tested in dozens of clinical trials, including several in the Chicago area.Many of the experimental vaccines have been tested on patients with advanced melanoma who have little chance of surviving with conventional treatments alone. Researchers also have begun doing work that could lead to vaccines to treat prostate, lung, colon and other cancers.
Immune therapy alone won’t cure cancer. But when used after conventional treatments, it could kill cancer cells that survive surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, re- searchers said.Some day, vaccines also might be able to prevent certain cancers. It may be possible to vaccinate against viruses and bacteria that help cause cervical, liver and stomach cancer, the National cancer Institute said.
选项 A、replacing cancerous cells.
B、boosting the immune system.
C、killing cancer cells directly.
D、quickening the reproduction of cell.
答案B
解析 第一段指出医生们多年来主要用3种方法治疗癌症：手术、放射治疗和化学治疗，但是，他们目前正在研究第四种治疗癌症的“武器”：治疗的目标是患者的免疫系统，他们利用新的疫苗和药物，促进一组新细胞和抗体的产生，达到杀死癌细胞的目的。这第四种武器成为“免疫疗法”(immune therapy)。第四段指出，免疫法在未来5年内将会与其他3种方法并存。目前，加强(bolster：此处与boost同义，有关boost可参阅第二段第六句)免疫系统的几种药物已获准使用，几种疫苗也正在进行临床实验。A意为：“取代癌变细胞”。根据第一段，免疫疗法是通过产生新细胞和抗体杀死癌变细胞。C意为：“直接杀死癌细胞”。根据第一段，免疫疗法首先产生新细胞和抗体，再由新细胞和抗体杀死癌变细胞。意为：“加快细胞的繁殖”。production的意思和reproduction不—样，前者意为“产生”，后者意为“繁殖”。
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