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  3. It’s seven weeks into the new year. Do you know where your resolution is? If you’re like millions of Americans, you probably vow

It’s seven weeks into the new year. Do you know where your resolution is? If you’re like millions of Americans, you probably vow

admin2011-03-11  36
问题     It’s seven weeks into the new year. Do you know where your resolution is? If you’re like millions of Americans, you probably vowed to lose weight, quit smoking and drink less in the new year. You kicked off January with a commitment to long-term well-being--until you came face-to-face with a cheeseburger. You spent a bundle on a shiny new gym pass. Turns out, it wasn’t reason enough for you to actually use the gym.
    People can make poor decisions when it comes to health--despite their best intentions. It’s not easy abiding by wholesome choices (giving up French fries) when the consequences of not doing so (heart disease) seem so far in the future. Most people are bad at judging their health risks: smokers generally know cigarettes cause cancer, but they also tend to believe they’re less likely than other smokers to get it. And as any snack-loving dieter can attest, people can be comically inept at predicting their future .behavior. You swear you will eat just one potato chip but don’t stop until the bag is empty.
    So, what does it take to motivate people to stick to the path set by their conscious brain? How can good choices be made to seem more appealing than bad ones? The problem stumps doctors, public-health officials and weight-loss experts, but one solution may spring from an unlikely source. Meet your new personal trainer: your boss.
    American businesses have a particular interest in personal health, since worker illness costs them billions each year in insurance claims, sick days and high staff turnover. A 2008 survey of major US employers found that 64% consider their employees’ poor health decisions a serious barrier to affordable insurance coverage.  Now some companies are tackling the motivation problem head on, using tactics drawn from behavioral psychology to nudge their employees to get healthy.
    "It’s a bit paradoxical that employers need to provide incentives for people to improve their own health," says Michael Follick, a behavioral psychologist at Brown University and president of the consultancy Abacus Employer Health Solutions.
    Paradoxical, maybe, but effective. Consider Amica Mutual Insurance, based in Rhode Island. Arnica seemed to be doing everything right: it boasts an on-site fitness center at its headquarters. It pays toward Weight Watchers and smoking-cessation help, gives gift cards to reward proper prenatal care and offers free flu shots each year. Still, in the mid-2000s, about 7% of the company’s insured population, including roughly 3 100 employees and their dependents, had diabetes. "We manage risk. That’s our core business," says Scott Boyd, Amica’s director of compensation and benefits. But diabetes-related claims from Arnica employees had doubled in four years. "We thought, OK," Boyd says now, "we have to manage these high-risk groups a little better. "  
Who play an important role in motivating people to stick to health?
选项 A、Doctors.
B、Public-health officials.
C、Weight-loss experts.
D、Bosses.
答案D
解析 本题考查在激励人们保持健康的方面谁起着重要作用。文章第三段末句明确提到“见一下你的新私人教练：你的老板”。而且最后一段也提到互助保险公司的老板为员工在减肥中心和辅助戒烟上缴费，每年提供免费的流感疫苗等做法，所以正确答案为[D]。第三段提到，在激励人们坚持沿着有意识设立的道路前进和坚持好的选择方面，医生、公共健康官员和减肥专家都犯了难，所以医生、公共健康官员和减肥专家都没有起到重要作用，故[A]、[B]和[C]都排除。  
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