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  3. How to Improve your study Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but yo

How to Improve your study Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but yo

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问题                 How to Improve your study
    Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however. You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here’s how:
    1. Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignment as well. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.
    2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to put your heart into it.
    3. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these parts. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.
    4. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.
    5. Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points in class as well as you remain confused about. Read about these points in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on tests.
    6. Develop a good attitude about tests. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t worry excessively about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make your new knowledge permanent.
    There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. Talk with your classmates about their study techniques. Share with them some of the techniques you have found to be helpful. Improving your study habits will improve your grades.
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选项
答案I. Students of average intelligence becoming top students without additional work II. Having six ways to achieve this goal A. Planning your time carefully 1. Making a list of weekly tasks 2. Making a schedule B. Finding a good place to study 1. Choosing a comfortable place 2. Choosing a place without distractions C. Skimming before you read 1. Double speed 2. Improving comprehension D. Making good use of your time in class 1. Listening well 2. Taking notes E. Studying regularly 1. Reviewing notes 2. Reviewing textbook F. Developing a good attitude towards tests 1. No worry about a single test 2. Using test to make new knowledge permanent III. Discovering some other ways to improve your grade
解析     作文提纲分两种，即“句子提纲”(sentence outline)和“论点提纲”(topic outline)。本题正是要求学生对该文章做“论点提纲”的书写。
    因此首先要掌握论点提纲具有怎样的特点，否则便无从下笔。从教材我们可得知，句子提纲中的每句话都必须是完整的，而论点提纲中的每句话都可以是短语，也可以是从句，甚至单词。两种提纲无优劣之分，只是看题目要求、主题需要或依据个人爱好而定。例如该题就要求使用论点提纲来列，因此要注意论点提纲的形式和特点。
    就本题而言，纵览全文可以看出，该文章是讲述中等智商的学生如何在不做额外功课的情况下取得更好的成绩，做一名上等生。即“How to be a top student for those average students with average intelligence?”在列举提纲时，要把握整体层次。该文章明显分为三个层次，即，提出问题，解决问题列举，其他可行方法。所以总的提纲可列为：
    1．Students of average intelligence becoming top students without additional work
    2．Having six ways to achieve this goal
    3．Discovering some other ways to improve your grade
    文章在提出问题之后，列举了六点如何提高成绩的方法，如认真计划时间、找到适合学习的地方等，都以序号的形式叙述。在解决问题的六个小点当中，又有具体的分层。拿第一小点为例：作者叙述过“Plan your time carefully”后，紧接着就用更具体的方法阐述如何仔细计划时间。经阅读各句之间的关系分析后可得知，这一点的内容又可分为两个小层次，
    即①make a list of weekly tasks；②make a schedule or chart。全段内容都是围绕这两点展开。由此不难得出，第一小点的提纲可列为：
    A．Planning your time carefully
    1．Making a list of weekly tasks
    2．Making a schedule
    以下五点均按此思维模式，此处不再赘述。提纲可列为：
    B．Finding a good place to study
    1．Choosing a comfortable place
    2．Choosing a place without distractions
    C．Skimming before you read
    1．Double speed
    2．Improving comprehension
    D．Making good use of your time in class
    1．Listening well
    2．Taking notes
    E．Studying regularly
    1．Reviewing notes
    2．Reviewing textbook
    F．Developing a good attitude towards tests
    1．No worry about a single test
    2．Using test to make new knowledge permanent
    最后，避免把问题叙述得绝对化，作者又阐明还有其他方法可提高分数，即上文中的第3点。
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