2. 外语
  3. The concept of "environment" is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems sim

The concept of "environment" is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems sim

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问题     The concept of "environment" is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa.
    In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer (持有者) of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as "cultural", which modify the physical and biological factors. But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.
According to the author, the concept of "environment" is difficult to explain because______.
选项 A、it doesn’t distinguish between the organism and the environment
B、it involves both internal and external forces
C、the organism and the environment influence each other
D、the relationship between the organism and the environment is unclear
答案C
解析 本题问的是作者为什么说“环境”这个概念难以解释清楚。文章第一段最后一句话指出，但实际上，这种分法有许多问题，因为有机体和环境始终是相互作用的。因此，本题的正确答案应是C“生物和环境之间是相互影响的”。而A“它没有把生物和环境区别开来”，B“环境涉及内部影响和外部影响”，D“生物和环境之间的关系不清楚”，在这三个选项中，A选项与文章意思相反。B选项是错误的，因为文章说得很清楚，仅仅把环境影响分为内部的和外部的是简单化了。根据文章的第一段最后一句，生物和环境之间的关系不是说不清楚，而是由于它们之间相互影响，所以D也不是正确答案。
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