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  3. For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have edu

For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have edu

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问题     For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have educated the technical, managerial and professional workforce and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Their unparalleled capacity for research has put the United States at the cutting edge of science and of scholarship in the humanities and social sciences.
    The decentralization (权利分散), diversity, academic freedom and shared governance that have evolved over the past two centuries have made America’s system of higher education one of the most accessible and democratic in the world. Today educators from around the globe are turning to U. S. institutions of higher learning for inspiration and have found four historic acts stand out as watersheds:
    Education for the masses: In 1862 Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans—including such deprived of some rights groups as women and minorities. Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land and use the proceeds to endow at least one public college.
    Competition breeds success: Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War, and the academy’s impact really grew after World War II, when a landmark report commissioned by President Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that it was the federal government’s responsibility to provide adequate funds for basic research—and that the nation’s universities were, by nature, best suited to take the lead. This turned out to be a brilliant policy.
    Investing in the future: The end of World War II saw passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, better known as the GI Bill of Rights. The law, which provided for college or vocational education for returning veterans, made an already democratic higher-education system accessible in ways that were inconceivable in Europe, opening the doors of the best universities to men and women who had never dreamed of going to college.
    Promoting diversity: The creation of federal loan guarantees and subsidy programs, as well as outright grants for college students brought much-needed diversity, to higher education and further helped to democratize access.
America’s colleges and universities have ______.
选项 A、cultivated all kinds of work force
B、educated some prominent leaders for the whole world
C、done research only at the cutting edge of science
D、been the backbone of the west world
答案A
解析 根据题干关键词America’s，colleges，universities定位到原文第一段第二句：They have educated the technical, managerial and professional workforce and provided generation after generation of national leaders.即美国高校是国家进步的脊梁，培养了技术、管理和职业劳动大军，造就了一代又一代国家领导人，站在自然科学、人文科学和社会科学最前沿。故A)项“培养了各种各样的劳动大军”符合题意。
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