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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or o

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or o

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问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【C5】
选项 A、or
B、but rather
C、but
D、or else
答案A
解析 本题要求判断空格前后两个部分之间的逻辑关系。从结构上看，in response totheir failure和as a rejection of middle-class values都是commit crimes的状语，分别表示作为对自己没有……的一种自发的、本能的反应和作为对中产阶级价值观的排斥。从文意上看，社会影响理论强调造成孩子犯罪有两个方面的原因：一是社会经济方面；二是社会价值观方面。显然无论从结构还是意思上，这两者都是并列关系，需要一个表并列的连词来连接，所以选择or正确。
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