首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream, although whether they can【1】______ them is a
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream, although whether they can【1】______ them is a
admin
2010-03-25
35
问题
Dream Functions
Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream,
although whether they can【1】______ them is a different matter. 【1】______
An experiment eliciting people’s responses to the question ’What
did you dream about last night?’ shows the【2】______ of the activity. It is 【2】______
found that everyone in normal health spends part of their night
dreaming and there are many different【3】______ of dream performing 【3】______
different functions.
The first function of dreams is that of the experience-【4】______, i.e. 【4】______
the mind reviews past experience and learns the lesson of that
experience. Often the dream represents a more, or less,【5】______ course 【5】______
of action or outcome than the real event.
The second function of dreams is the【6】______ type. They help to 【6】______
solve problems by suggesting answers, or【7】______ difficulties and 【7】______
indicating a way round them.
The third function is that of wish【8】______. In our dreams we 【8】______
satisfy desires whose gratification is denied to us.
Dreams also function to【9】______ us to some external reality, 【9】______
usually by some sensory stimulus.
The final, and the most【10】______ one, is the predictive function. 【10】______
Throughout the ages men have believed that future events will be
predicted in dreams.
We are not clear whether these are all the functions that dreams
may have.
【3】
Dream Functions
Do you often dream? What do you usually see in your dreams? Can you always remember your dreams next morning? From the variety of responses which we could hear to the question ’What did you dream about last night?’ we begin to get an idea of the range of the activity. Research has shown that everyone in normal health spends part of the night dreaming. Remembering the dreams is, of course, a different matter. And just as there are many different types of dream, so, we may suppose, do dreams have a variety of functions? Let us examine just five of many here.
The first is that of the experience-monitoring dream. In this, the mind reviews past experience the previous day’s or some event in the more distant past—as a way of learning the lesson of that experience. Often the dream has a consequence different from what actually happened, representing a more, or less, desirable course of action or outcome than the real event. After an unsuccessful interview for a job, I dreamed that I was in the same room, before the same people, but speaking this time calmly and persuasively. The conclusion to be drawn from the experience was underlined by the dream, that I should not become nervous and flustered in that particular situation.
If that dream had occurred before my interview, it would have been of the creative type. One important function of the dream is to help to solve problems by suggesting answers, or predicting difficulties and indicating a way round them. Another creative type of dream is one in which the imagination operates in an unusually powerful and productive manner. Large parts of ’Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ came to the author Robert Louis Stevenson in dreams.
The dream function to which Freud and his followers attached greatest importance was that of wish fulfillment. According to the great Viennese psychiatrist, in our dreams we satisfy desires which our circumstances, personal inhibitions, or the rules of the society in which we live, deny us the gratification, or even the conscious knowledge. It is my opinion that wish-fulfillment operates at several levels, of which the simplest require neither a complex nor symbolic explanation.
The fourth dream function is that which alerts us to some external reality, usually by some sensory stimulus; the dream of being at or in a fire from which we awake to find a cigarette smoldering in a bedside ashtray. In this way the senses send messages to the ’sleeping’ mind, warning us of the need to awake in order to take some form of action.
Finally, the most controversial, the predictive function. Whether or not we believe in the possibility of events being predicted in dreams, the fact is that throughout the ages men have done so. Perhaps the most famous example, celebrated in Christianity and Islam alike, not to mention Judaism, is that of Joseph’s interpretation of the dream of the Pharaoh of Egypt. When the ruler dreamed of seven fat cattle being eaten by seven thin, Joseph predicted that there would be seven years of plenty in the land, followed by seven years of famine, and that is what came to pass.
What other dream functions can you think of? Whatever your answer, it is true that dreams are part of our life.
选项
答案
types/kinds/sorts
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/oI4YFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Doyouknoworworkwithsomeonewhoundervaluesotherpeople’sefforts,ignorestheirviewpoint,evenpubliclyinsultshisorh
A、MostreviewsaboutthemoviesmadeinChinaaresuperficial.B、OnlyasmallnumberoftheChinesefilmsareexportedoverseas.
Ateamofworld-leadingneuro-scientistshasdevelopedapowerfultechniquethatallowsthemtolookdeepinsideaperson’sbrai
Ateamofworld-leadingneuro-scientistshasdevelopedapowerfultechniquethatallowsthemtolookdeepinsideaperson’sbrai
Next,let’stalkaboutearthquakesonourPlanet.Somecountrieshavelargenumbersofearthquakes.Japanisoneofthem.Others
Next,let’stalkaboutearthquakesonourPlanet.Somecountrieshavelargenumbersofearthquakes.Japanisoneofthem.Others
Next,let’stalkaboutearthquakesonourPlanet.Somecountrieshavelargenumbersofearthquakes.Japanisoneofthem.Others
A、Workinginatravelagency.B、OrganizingaBBQparty.C、TeachingEnglishtoChinesestudents.D、LearningChinese.D
School’sout,andthatmeansaslewofpriceysummeractivitiesforkids:beachtrips,movieticketsandsnacks,themeparkvisi
在我看来,家庭作业对教师和学生来说往往就是相当重的负担。减负能使学生、家长和教师之间产生更多的直接交流机会。
随机试题
A.疼痛B.发热C.恶心、呕吐D.腹胀外科术后最常见的是
下列感染中,没有传染性的是
女,28岁,在心理咨询中谈到所交的两个男朋友她都很喜欢,不知道该与哪一位继续相处,难以做出选择,希望得到帮助。而根据心理治疗的原则,心理咨询师没有替她做出决定。该咨询师遵循的原则是
背景材料:某动力站安装工程项目,该动力站的散装锅炉施工主要包括锅炉钢构架、锅筒与集箱、受热面管束胀管、省煤器、空气预热器、过滤器和炉排、锅炉安全附件的安装;对锅炉本体、管道和阀门的试验以及烘炉与煮炉。该工程施工项目经理部在施工过程中对所耗费的生产资料和生
到近几年,一度___________的神经网络算法开始复兴。这个算法在一定程度上___________了生物神经分层的构架,不仅能够不断调整优化各项行动的逻辑权重,还能够进行结果的___________,把结果重新作为输入进行训练。依次填入划横线部分最恰当
下列哪种情况下()货币供给增加。
WhichistheCORRECTunderstandingofalibrarian’slifeandwork?
A、Byphone.B、ThroughtheInternet.C、Onthebus.D、Throughtheoperators.B①由选项都是介词短语,可知本题很有可能问做某事的途径。②根据对话最后一部分,工作人员向该男士介绍提前预定
Father’sDaywasobservedthisyearonSunday,June16.Thisspecialdaytohonourandcelebratefathershasahistoryofovera
Forsomeeducators,thereisnothingwrongwithfunandgames.AgroupcalledtheEducationArcaderecentlyheldaconferencein
最新回复
(
0
)