2. 外语
  3. In a recent survey, Garber and Holtz concluded that the average half-hour children’ s television show contains 47 violent acts.

In a recent survey, Garber and Holtz concluded that the average half-hour children’ s television show contains 47 violent acts.

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问题     In a recent survey, Garber and Holtz concluded that the average half-hour children’ s television show contains 47 violent acts. When asked about the survey network television executive Jean Pater responded. " I sure as heck don’ t think that Bugs Bunny’ s pouring a glass of milk over a chipmunk’ s head is violence. " Unfortunately, both Garber and Holtz and Pater beg the question. The real issue is whether children view such acts as violence.
    The violence programming aimed at children almost always appears in the context of fantasy. Cartoon violence generally includes animation, humor, and a remote setting. There is no evidence of direct imitation of television violence by children, though there is evidence that fantasy violence can energize previously learned aggressive response such as a physical attack on another child during play. It is by no means clear, however, that the violence in a portrayal is solely responsible for this energizing effect. Rather, the evidence suggests that any exciting material can trigger subsequent aggressive behavior and that it is the excitation rather than the portrayal of violence that instigates or energizes any subsequent violent behavior. "Cold" imitation of violence by children is extremely rare, and the very occasional evidence of direct, imitative associations between television violence and aggressive behavior has been limited to extremely novel and violent acts by teenagers or adults with already established patterns of deviant behavior. The institutional effect means, in the short term, that exposure to violent portrayals could be dangerous if shortly after the exposure(within 15 to 20 minutes), the child happens to be in a situation that calls for interpersonal aggression as an appropriate response, for example, an argument between siblings or among peers. This same institutional effect, however, could be produced by other exciting but nonviolent television content or by any other excitational source, including, ironically, a parent’ s turning off the set.
    So there is no convincing causal evidence of any cumulative instigational effects such as more aggressive or violent dispositions in children. In fact, passivity is a more likely long term result of heavy viewing of television violence. The evidence does not warrant the strong conclusions advanced by many critics who tend to use television violence as a scapegoat to draw public attention away from the real causes of violence—causes like abusive spouses and parents and a culture that celebrates violence generally.
If there is an argument between siblings one hour after their watching some TV violence, these children would______.
选项 A、likely fall into a state of total passivity to their parents
B、likely behave less aggressively than on other occasions
C、unlikely resort to any violent actions but keep peaceful
D、unlikely be more violent than without watching the program
答案D
解析 根据第二段的内容“in the short term，that exposure to violent portrayals could bedangerous if shortly after the exposure(within 15 to 20 minutes)”可知，在短时间内，如果孩子们看完暴力影片之后不久(15～20分钟)就陷入暴力之中，那是危险的。但是，题目所说是一个小时后，所以D项正确。A项“好像陷入一种完全对父母的被动状态中”，B项“比其他场合攻击性好像弱了”，C项“不可能陷入暴力活动中，只是保持和平状态”，这三项和文中第二段内容不符合。
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