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  3. People today all over the world are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. (46) Pollution is

People today all over the world are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. (46) Pollution is

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问题     People today all over the world are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution.  (46) Pollution is caused by either the release by man of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.
    (47)The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance, or the ecological balance as it is also known. (48) Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations.
    (49)Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. (50)Pollution and waste combine to be a problem every one can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.  
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答案污染是由于人们把全新的，通常是人造物品扔进周围环境之中，或大量排放越来越多的天然物质而造成的，像油轮里的油流进海洋里造成的污染就属于后者。
解析 本句是一个简单句，主干为pollution is caused，其中by引导的是cause的并列状语，即by either the release...，or by releasing...作状语修饰cause。具体来说，介词短语by man of completely new and often artificial substances作定语修饰release；greatly increased amounts of作定语修饰a natural substance；from tankers和into the sea作定语修饰oil。注意：本句的突破口在于看出两个由either...or...连接的并列状语。
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