首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
THE CLIMATE OF JAPAN (1) At the most general level, two major climatic forces determine Japan’s weather. Prevailing westerly
THE CLIMATE OF JAPAN (1) At the most general level, two major climatic forces determine Japan’s weather. Prevailing westerly
admin
2022-09-29
69
问题
THE CLIMATE OF JAPAN
(1) At the most general level, two major climatic forces determine Japan’s weather. Prevailing westerly winds move across Eurasia, sweep over the Japanese islands, and continue eastward across the Pacific Ocean. In addition, great, cyclonic airflow (masses of rapidly circulating air) that arises over the western equatorial Pacific moves in a wheel-like fashion northeastward across Japan and nearby regions. During winter months heavy masses of cold air from Siberia dominate the weather around Japan. Persistent cold winds skim across the Sea of Japan from the northwest, picking up moisture that then deposits as several feet of snow on the western side of the mountain ranges on Honshu Island. As the cold air drops its moisture, it flows over high ridges and down eastern slopes to bring cold, relatively dry weather to valleys and coastal plains and cities.
(2) In spring the Siberian air mass warms and loses density,
enabling
atmospheric currents over the Pacific to steer warmer air into northeast Asia. This warm, moisture-laden air covers most of southern Japan during June and July. The resulting late spring rains then give way to a drier summer that is sufficiently hot and muggy, despite the island chain’s northerly latitude, to allow widespread rice cultivation.
(3) Summer heat is followed by the highly unpredictable autumn rains that accompany the violent tropical windstorms known as typhoons. These cyclonic storms originate over the western Pacific and travel in great clockwise arcs, initially heading west toward the Philippines and southern China, curving northward later in the season. Cold weather drives these storms eastward across Japan through early autumn, revitalizing the Siberian air mass and ushering in a new annual weather cycle.
(4) This yearly cycle has played a key role in shaping Japanese civilization. [A] It has assured the islands ample precipitation, ranging irregularly from more than 200 centimeters annually in parts of the southwest to about 100 in the northeast and averaging 180 for the country as a whole. [B] The moisture enables the islands to support uncommonly lush forest cover, but the combination of precipitous slopes and heavy rainfall also give the islands one of the world’s highest rates of natural erosion, intensified by both human activities and the natural shocks of earthquakes and volcanism. [C] These factors have given Japan its wealth of sedimentary basins, but they have also made mountainsides extremely susceptible to erosion and landslides and hence generally unsuitable for agricultural manipulation. [D]
(5) The island chain’s mountains backbone and great length from north to south produce climatic diversity that has contributed to regional differences. Generally sunny winters along the Pacific seaboard have made habitation there relatively pleasant. Along the Sea of Japan, on the other hand, cold, snowy winters have discouraged settlement. Furthermore, although annual precipitation is high in that region, much of it comes as snow and rushes to the sea as spring runoff, leaving little moisture for farming.
(6) Summer weather patterns in northern Honshu, and especially along the Sea of Japan, have also discouraged agriculture. The area is subject to the Yamase effect, when cool air from the north sometimes lowers temperatures sharply and damages farm production. The impact of this effect has been especially great on rice cultivation because, if it is to grow well, the rice grown in Japan requires a mean summer temperature of 20 degree centigrade or higher. A drop of 2 to 3 degree centigrade can lead to a 30—50 percent drop in rice yield, and the Yamase effect is capable of exceeding that level. This Yamase effect does not, however, extend very far south, where most precipitation comes in the form of rain and the bulk of it in spring, summer, and fall, when most useful for cultivation. Even the autumn typhoons, which deposit most of their moisture along the southern seaboard, are beneficial because they promote the start of the winter crops that for centuries have been grown in southern Japan.
(7) In short, for the past two millennia, the climate in general and patterns of precipitation in particular have encouraged the Japanese to cluster their settlements along the southern coast, most densely along the sheltered Inland Sea, moving into the northeast.
The limits that topography imposed on production have been tightened by climate, with the result that agricultural output has been more modest and less reliable, making the risk of crop failure and hardship commensurately greater.
All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as contributions to the high rate of erosion in the Japanese islands EXCEPT ________.
选项
A、very steep slopes and heavy rainfall
B、intense agricultural manipulation
C、earthquakes and volcanic activities
D、human activities
答案
B
解析
本题属于否定事实信息题,问根据第4段,哪项不是造成日本岛屿侵蚀率较高的原因。第4段最后1句的generally unsuitable for agricultural manipulation “一般不适合农业耕作”与B项“频繁的农业耕作”相悖,故B项不符合原文说法,符合题意。A项“陡峭的山坡和强降雨”、C项“地震和火山活动”和D项“人类活动”对应第4段第3句,这三项均可以在原文中找到对应信息,都不符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/lZcYFFFM
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Whatdideachpersonsaywastheprincipalcauseofstressforthem?ChooseFOURanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectlett
Choosethecorrectanswer,A,BorC.Camber’sThemeParkAccordingtothespeaker,inwhatwayisCamber’sdifferentfromothe
CITYARCHIVESAnineteenth-centurydocumentsBmapsCpersonalpapersDphotographsEbooksaboutthecityFnewspapersGin
CITYARCHIVESAnineteenth-centurydocumentsBmapsCpersonalpapersDphotographsEbooksaboutthecityFnewspapersGin
WelcometoCityArchivesThefollowingpeoplemayusethearchives:Universitystudentswithavalid【L21】________Cityresidents
(By)theendofthenineteenthcentury,organicchemistryhad(develop)new(methods)forthe(synthesis)ofdyes,perfumes,exp
TheMedicareprogram(wasestablished)in1965to(helping)elderlyUnitedStates(citizenspay)theincreasing(costof)health
Someclaim(thatvegetarian)dietsmay(tobe)morehealthfulthanadietthat(includes)meat,sincetheygenerally(contain)l
Thereareaseriesoflarge-scalewindpatterns(allover)Earth(arecalled)prevailingwindsthat(haveadirect)effect(onw
Inordertosupporthimself,studentBfoundaneveningjobinasupermarket.Now,theproblemisthatstudentBcan’ttakethe
随机试题
A.普通片B.舌下片C.糖衣片D.可溶片E.肠溶衣片要求在5分钟内崩解或溶化的片剂是
简述进口许可的程序要求。
1957年的整风运动反对的主要是
女性,65岁,2个月前发现阴道间断出血。诊刮时发现子宫内膜松脆、破碎。病理检查子宫内膜呈密集的腺体结构,腺上皮异型性明显,伴有多量坏死灶。诊断是
腹部损伤时行诊断性腹腔穿刺,抽出不凝固血液,最可能的诊断为
校外人员孔某趁学校门卫疏忽之际,骑摩托车闯入校园,将学生刘某撞伤,对刘某所受伤害,应当承担主要责任的是()。
《法尔斯塔夫》的作者是()。
完成以下数列:0,9,26,65,()。
依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是()。①第一次庭审时,原告律师向法庭所作的________,揭露了三年来原告在这起家庭暴力案件中遭受虐待的真相。②人应当讲信用,对已经作出的承诺就决不________。③汪曾
Theaveragedaily______offruitsandvegetablesisaround200grams.
最新回复
(
0
)