首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
PASSAGE TWO (1) Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday they had shown how the AIDS vir
PASSAGE TWO (1) Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday they had shown how the AIDS vir
admin
2022-08-27
28
问题
PASSAGE TWO
(1) Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday they had shown how the AIDS virus originated in wild apes in Cameroon and then spread in humans across Africa and eventually the world. Their study, published in the journal Science, supports other studies that suggest people somehow caught the deadly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from chimpanzees, perhaps by killing and eating them.
(2) "It says that the chimpanzee group that gave rise to HIV... this chimp community resides in Cameroon," said Beatrice Hahn of the University of Alabama, who led the study. "But that doesn’t mean the epidemic originated there because it didn’t," Hahn, who has been studying the genetic origin of HIV for years, said in a telephone interview.
(3) "We actually know where the epidemic took off. The epidemic took off in Kinshasa, in Brazzaville." Kinshasa is in the Democratic Republic Congo, formerly Zaire, and faces Brazzaville, in Congo, across the Congo River. Studies have traced HIV to a man who gave a blood sample in 1959 in Kinshasa, then called Leopoldville. Later analysis found the AIDS virus.
(4) In people, HTV leads to AIDS but chimps have a version called simian immune deficiency virus (SIV) that causes them no harm. Humans are the only animals naturally susceptible to HTV. AIDS was only identified 25 years ago. The virus now infects 40 million people around the world and has killed 25 million. Spread in blood, sexual contact and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding, HIV has no cure and there is no vaccine, although drug cocktails can control it.
(5) And like so many new infections, AIDS appears to have been passed to humans from animals they slaughtered. SIV has been found in captive chimps but Hahn wanted to show it could be found in the wild too. Her international team got the cooperation of the government in Cameroon and they hired skilled trackers.
(6) "The chimps in that area are hunted. It’s certainly impossible to see them. It is hard to track them and find these materials," she said. But the trackers managed to collect 599 samples of droppings. Hahn’s lab found DNA, identified each individual chimp and then found evidence of the virus.
(7) "We went to 10 field sites and we found evidence of infection in five. We were able to identify a total of 16 infected chimps and we were able to get viral sequences from all of them," Hahn said. Up to 35 percent of the apes in some communities were infected. Not only that, they could find different varieties, called clades, of the virus.
(8) "We found some of the clades were really, really very closely related to the human virus and others were not," she said. Chimps separated by a river were infected with different clades, Hahn said. And a river may have carried the virus into the human population. "So how do you get from southern Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of Congo?" Hahn asked. "Some human must have done so. There is a river that goes from that southeastern comer of Cameroon down to the Congo River."
(9) Ivory and hardwood traders used the Sangha River in the 1930s, when the original human-to-human transmission is believed to have happened. Hahn’s study suggests the virus passed from chimpanzees to people more than once. "We don’t really know how these transmissions occurred," Hahn said.
(10) "We know that you don’t get it petting a chimp, or from a toilet seat, just like you can’t get HTV from a toilet seat. It requires exposure to infected blood and infected body fluids. So if you get bitten by an angry chimp while you are hunting it, which could do it."
(11) Hahn’s study only applies the HIV group M, which is the main strain of the virus responsible for the AIDS pandemic. "It’s quite possible that still other (chimpanzee SIV) lineages exist that could pose risks for human infection and prove problematic for HTV diagnostic and vaccines," her team wrote.
According to the passage, HTV is spread through all the following EXCEPT ______.
选项
A、blood
B、sexual contact
C、breastfeeding
D、a toilet seat
答案
D
解析
根据题干中的spread through定位到第4段从第4段最后一句看出,HIV可通过血液、性接触、母婴、哺乳等方式传播,很明显D项不包括在内,故选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/knbiFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
给定程序MODI1.C中函数fun的功能是:判断一个整数是否是素数,若是返回1,否则返回0。在main()函数中,若fun返回1输出YES,若fun返回0输出NO!。请改正程序中的错误,使它能得出正确的结果。注意:不要改动main函数。不得增行或删行,也
利用对话框提示用户输入查询条件,这样的查询属于( )。
培训部会计师魏女士正在准备有关高新技术企业科技政策的培训课件,相关资料存放在Word文档“PPT素材.docx”中。按下列要求帮助魏女士完成PPT课件的整合制作:将第2张幻灯片的版式设为“两栏内容”,参考原Word文档“PPT素材.docx”第2页中的
文慧是新东方学校的人力资源培训讲师,负责对新入职的教师进行入职培训,其PowerPoint演示文稿的制作水平广受好评。最近,她应北京节水展馆的邀请,为展馆制作一份宣传水知识及节水工作重要性的演示文稿。节水展馆提供的文字资料及素材参见“水资源利用与节水(素材
Millionsofhamburgersareeatenbypeopleineveryconnoroftheworldeveryday.TogetherwithhotdogsandCoca-Cola,hamburg
Whydoestheideaofprogressloomsolargeinthemodernworld?Surelybecauseprogressofaparticularkindisactually【C1】___
Whatistherecordingmainlyabout?
relaxation录音原文中的howtobreatheproperly“如何正确呼吸”是对题目breathingtechniques“呼吸技巧”的同义转述。
TheoriesofHistoryI.Howmuchweknowabouthistory?A.【T1】_____existforonlyafractionofman’stimeB.Theaccu
随机试题
RLC串联电路谐振的条件是()。
广告新闻
在过程改进活动的计划阶段,需要对过程进行分析,其目的在于
下列电伤中,最严重的电伤的是()。
确保()是仪表工程线路和管路安装的关键。
截至2011年年底,我国石油剩余技术可采储量32.4亿吨,天然气4.02万亿方;煤炭查明资源储量1.38万亿吨,铁矿743.9亿吨,铜矿8612万吨,铝土矿38.7亿吨,金矿7419吨。2011年我国矿产资源勘查投资1118.2亿元,同比增长9.
我国法律及相关司法解释并没有对“贿款公用”做出处罚从宽的决定,因为“贿款公用从宽处罚”是典型的“公权部门化,权力利益化”的错误提法,与法治精神______,而且有可能纵容和包庇国家公职人员______。依次填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是()。
BSkyB
Writeanessaybasedonthechart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethediagram,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshould
Whendoesthemanthinktheywillleave?
最新回复
(
0
)