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  3. Materials scientists have created a small, wearable sensor that can read the molecular composition of sweat and send its results

Materials scientists have created a small, wearable sensor that can read the molecular composition of sweat and send its results

admin2019-08-08  14
问题    Materials scientists have created a small, wearable sensor that can read the molecular composition of sweat and send its results in real time to a smartphone. 【F1】The flexible plastic patches—which can be incorporated into wristbands and headbands—may be able to provide early warning of changes in the body, say their creators.
   【F2】"The idea is to have this thumbs-up or thumbs-down device that will give real-time information: it could provide an alarm that you need to take some medication, or that you’re getting dewatered and need to drink some water," says Ali Javey, at the University of California, Berkeley, who helped to develop the sensors. He and his colleagues report their work in Nature.
   Several labs have been developing sensors for sweat, which contains a multitude of electrolytes and metabolites—the final products of the body’s biological processes (for example, the lactic acid that builds up after exercise). But these sensors have tended to measure only one component of sweat at a time, and generally cannot transmit their measurements in real-time. 【F3】When the sensors come into contact with sweat they generate electrical signals that are amplified and filtered, and then recorded using skin temperature. This step is essential, says Javey. "Electrochemical sensors are very sensitive to temperature, and skin temperature can vary quite a bit when we are sweating." The data are then wirelessly transmitted to a smartphone.
   It’s an impressive achievement, says Jason Heikenfeld at the University of Cincinnati in Ohio, whose lab has also been developing wearable sweat sensors. "The sensors typically require electronics that are normally the size of a shoebox; they miniaturized them into something that can wrap around your wrist," he says. 【F4】The sensors have to be fabricated from basic chemicals in the laboratory, and cannot be purchased off the shelf like sensors found in today’s wearables, which measure heart rate and detect the body’s motion.
   Sweat sensors will never be as accurate as blood tests, which are the "gold standard", says Javey. 【F5】Our bodies closely control the molecular composition of our blood, but the content of our sweat is more variable and is sometimes influenced by germs on our skin—so the medical relevance of the information that sweat provides will need to be rigorously tested. However, sweat does have an advantage: taking blood samples with a needle is not a practical means of assessing health on a minute-by-minute basis.
【F2】
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答案“我的想法是，尽管人们对它的看法褒贬不一，但我们需要这个会实时反馈信息的装置：它会在你需要一些药物治疗，或快要脱水需要补充水分时发出预警。”
解析 ①本句为并列复合句，句子结构较复杂。分句1是主系表结构，表语里包含一个定语从句；分句2则包含两个由or连接的同位语从句。②分句1的定语从句that will give real-time information修饰先行词device，说明这是可以发送实时信息的装置。其中that既是引导词也充当从句的主语。③it指代的是device，说明此装置能发出预警；句子第二个that和第三个that引导的都是同位语从句，并列解释说明前面的alarm，说明此预警是提醒人们需要药物治疗，或是在快要脱水时需要补充水分。
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