中国学生在英语上花的时间比其他学科多得多,原因是英语需要泛读、机械记忆和经常复习。老师让学生做大量涉及多项移选择的练习,结果忽视了培养主动使用英语的能力。这种应试教育方式有利也有弊。

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问题     中国学生在英语上花的时间比其他学科多得多,原因是英语需要泛读、机械记忆和经常复习。老师让学生做大量涉及多项移选择的练习,结果忽视了培养主动使用英语的能力。这种应试教育方式有利也有弊。

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答案High school students spend much more time on English than on other courses(subjects), for it requires(demands/calls for)extensive reading, mechanical memorization and regular revision.Teachers have students do a lot of exercises involving(that involve)multiple choices,only to neglect(ignore)the cultivation(development)of the ability to use English actively. There are both advantages and disadvantages to this test-oriented teaching approach/This test-focused teaching approach has both advantages and disadvantages.

解析     1.注意spend的使用特点:spend time doing something/spend time on something/spend money on something都是正确的,但不要使用spend time to do something。使用比较级时,同一个介词需要重复,如depend as much on parents as on friends/learn more from teachers than from books。该句不能使用take。翻译第一句时,许多学生受汉语影响,句子以time开头,把句子翻译为the time Chinese students spend on English is much more than that spent on other courses,这样的思维方式应该避免。英文中比较时习惯以动作执行者作主语。例如,翻译“我这学期选的课是你的二倍”这句话时,最好不要说the courses I take this semester are twice as many as yours,不仅不符合语言习惯,也有错误的嫌疑,最好翻译为I take twice as many courses as you do this semester。
    2.看到汉语词“需要”时,学生往往首先想到英语单词need,而不考虑上下文。实际上,不同的“需要”有不同的译法,表示“需要”的英语词有need、require、demand、call for、involve、take、entail、necessitate。“英语需要泛读”中的“需要”最好用require或call for。既然require往往要求接名词,“记忆”和“复习”就应该用memorization和revision,所以“经常”不能翻译成often。翻译“某件事需要做……”时可用involve doing something,如this operation involves repairing blood vessels。使用involve(涉及)时要小心词形,本段中的句子不能写成exercises involved/involved in the multiple choice,而应该使用involving,同样,表达“参与”时,不能使用involve something或involve in something,而应使用be(get)involved in。
    3.翻译“让某人做……”时,国内学生倾向于使用let或make,忽略了have somebody do something这个用法。
    4.表达“出乎意料的结果”时,英语中常用only to do...来表达,没必要使用as a result或consequently。
    5.有些抽象名词习惯上接不定式充当定语(也有人称为同位语),其他一些名词接of doing...作定语,还有几个名词接两者都可。第一类名词主要有ability、attempt、courage、decision、determination、eagerness、effort、endeavor、failure、hope、inability、inclination、need、power、right、reluctance、request、willingness。“主动使用英语的能力”最好翻译为the ability to use English actively。
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