2. 外语
  3. While many nations have aging populations, Japan’s demographic crisis is truly dire, with forecasts showing that 40 percent of

While many nations have aging populations, Japan’s demographic crisis is truly dire, with forecasts showing that 40 percent of

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问题     While many nations have aging populations, Japan’s
demographic crisis is truly dire, with forecasts showing that 40
percent of the population will have been 65 and over in 2055.【M1】______
Some of the consequences have been long foreseen, like
deflation: as more Japanese retire and live off their savings, they
spend more, further depressing Japan’s anemic levels of domestic【M2】______
consumption. So a less anticipated outcome has been the【M3】______
appearance of generational inequalities.
    These disparities manifest itself in many ways. There are【M4】______
corporations that hire all too many young people for
low-paying jobs—in effect, forcing them to shoulder the costs
of preserving cushier jobs to older employees. Others point to【M5】______
an underfinanced pension system so skewed in the favor of【M6】______
older Japanese that many younger workers simply refuse to
pay; a "silver democracy" that spends far more on the elderly
than education and child care—an issue that is familiar to【M7】______
Americans; and outdated hiring practices that have created a
new "lost generation" of disenfranchised youths.
    Nagisa Inoue, a senior at Tokyo’s Meiji University, said she
was considering paying for a fifth year at her university rather
than graduate without a job, an outcome that in Japan’s rigid【M8】______
job market might permanently taint her chances of ever getting
a higher-paying corporate job. That is why Japanese【M9】______
companies, even when they do offer stable, regular jobs, prefer
to give them only to new graduates, which are seen as the【M10】______
more malleable candidates for molding into Japan’s corporate
culture.
【M1】
选项
答案in一by
解析 词汇错误。本部分的意思是“预测显示到2055年全国人口将有40％为65岁及65岁以上的老年人”。考查的是介词’by表示时间的用法，意为“到……时(为止)”或“最迟在……之前”，应该把in改成by。
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