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  3. In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1—5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—F to

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1—5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—F to

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问题 In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1—5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—F to fit into each of the numbered blank. There is one extra choice which you do not need to use.
    As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions. Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-Avesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period. 【R1】______. He argued that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society.
    Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From the late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an Indo-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples. 【R2】______. For example, an expression like "maiden dawn" for "sunrise" resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about her.
    Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the distant past. 【R3】______. Similarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The Golden Bough. According to Frazer’s scheme, human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces(magic), later explaining them as the will of the gods(religion), and finally subjecting them to rational investigation(science).
    The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites(1889), also influenced Frazer. Through Smith’s work, Frazer came to believe that many myths had their origin in the ritual practices of ancient agricultural peoples, for whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance. 【R4】______. This approach reached its most extreme form in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A R. Radcliffe-Brown, who held that every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual implies a myth.
    Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core—whether the seasonal cycles of nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the imagined elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In the 20th century, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves. 【R5】______.
[A]German-born British scholar Max Mueller concluded that the Rig-Veda of ancient India—the oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European language—reflected the earliest stages of an Indo-European mythology. Muller attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena.
[B]The myth and ritual theory, as this approach came to be called, was developed most fully by British scholar Jane Ellen Harrison. Using insight gained from the work of French sociologist mile Durkheim, Harrison argued that all myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society.
[C]Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud held that myths like dreams—condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols.
[D]This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor. In Primitive Culture(1871), Tylor organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages.
[E]The studies made in this period were consolidated in the work of German scholar Christian Gott-olob Heyne, who was the first scholar to use the Latin term myths(instead of fibula, meaning "fable")to refer to the tales of heroes and gods.
[F]German scholar Karl Otfried Muller followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology, 1825).
【R2】
选项
答案A
解析 本题空格出现在第二段中间位置，应该承上启下。上文提到神话研究专家们寻找一种衍生了欧洲所有民族神话的母神话。下文举例指出，“少女般的黎明”起初是将黎明拟人化，后来则出现了关于少女的神话。选项[A]前半部分提到，古印度的《梨俱吠陀》(Rig Veda)反映了印欧神话的最初阶段。这一信息与上文的“母神话”相呼应。选项[A]后半部分提到，穆勒认为所有后来创作的神话都是曲解了早期人类对自然现象生动形象的叙述而产生的。而下文的例子正好说明了这一观点。因此[A]正确。
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