首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Group Decision Making" Advantages of Group Decision Making → Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently
"Group Decision Making" Advantages of Group Decision Making → Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently
admin
2012-01-14
38
问题
"Group Decision Making"
Advantages of Group Decision Making
→ Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assigned to identify and recommend decision alternatives or, in some cases, to actually make important decisions. In essence, a group is a tool that can focus the experience and expertise of several people on a particular problem or situation. Thus, a group offers the advantage of greater total knowledge. Groups accumulate more information, knowledge, and facts than individuals and often consider more alternatives. Each person in the group is able to draw on his or her unique education, experience, insights, and other resources and contribute those to the group. The varied backgrounds, training levels, and expertise of group members also help overcome tunnel vision by enabling the group to view the problem in more than one way.
→ Participation in group decision making usually leads to higher member satisfaction. People tend to accept a decision more readily and to be better satisfied with it when they have participated in making that decision. In addition, people will better understand and be more committed to a decision in which they have had a say than to a decision made for them. As a result, such a decision is more likely to be implemented successfully.
Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
→ While groups have many potential benefits, we all know that they can also be frustrating. A One obvious disadvantage of group decision making is the timerequired to make a decision.B The time needed for group discussion and the associated compromising and selecting of a decision alternative can be
considerable
. C Time costs money, so a waste of time becomes a disadvantage if a decision made by a group could have been made just as effectively by an individual working alone.D
Consequently
, group decisions should be avoided when speed and efficiency are the primary considerations.
A second disadvantage is that the group discussion may be dominated by an individual or subgroup. Effectiveness can be reduced if one individual, such as the group leader, dominates the discussion by talking too much or being closed to other points of view. Some group leaders try to control the group and provide the major input. Such dominance can stifle other group members’ willingness to participate and could cause decision alternatives to be ignored or overlooked. All group members need to be encouraged and permitted to contribute.
→ Another disadvantage of group decision making is that members may be less concerned with the group’s goals than with their own personal goals. They may become so sidetracked in trying to win an argument that they forget about group performance. On the other hand, a group may try too hard to compromise and consequently may not make optimal decisions. Sometimes this stems from the desire to maintain friendships and avoid disagreements. Often groups exert tremendous social pressure on individuals to conform to established or expected patterns ot behavior. Especially when they are dealing with important and
controversial
issues, interacting groups may be prone to a phenomenon called groupthink.
→ Groupthink is an agreement-at-any-cost mentality that results in ineffective group decision making. It occurs when groups are highly cohesive, have highly directive leaders, are insulated so they have no clear ways to get objective information, and—because they lack outside information—have little hope that a better solution might be found than
the one
proposed by the leader or other influential group members. These conditions foster the illusion that the group is invulnerable, right, and more moral than outsiders. They also encourage the development of self-appointed "mind guards" who bring pressure on dissenters. In such situations, decisions—often important decisions—are made without consideration of alternative frames or alternative options. It is difficult to imagine conditions more conducive to poor decision making and wrong decisions.
Recent research indicates that groupthink may also result when group members have preconceived ideas about how a problem should be solved. Under these conditions, the team may not examine a full range of decision alternatives, or it may discount or avoid information that threatens its preconceived choice.
According to paragraph 6, why are alternative solutions often rejected in groupthink?
选项
A、Dissenters exert pressure on the group.
B、Group leaders are not very creative.
C、Information is not made available.
D、The group is usually right.
答案
C
解析
"... decisions... are made without consideration of... alternative options." Choice A is not correct because the group exerts pressure on dissenters, but dissenters do not exert pressure on the group. Choice B is not correct because it is neither mentioned nor implied in the passage. Choice D is not correct because when groupthink takes place, poor decision making and wrong decisions occur.
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/gElYFFFM
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
ClassifythefollowinginformationasreferringtoAadoptedthewritingsystemfromanothercountryBusedorganicmaterialst
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2?Inboxes19-22onyouranswersheet,writeT
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2?Inboxes19-22onyouranswersheet,writeT
Moreonlineusersofsocialnetworkingsitesovertheageof45allowstrangerstoseetheirphotosthanothergroups.
Inthelastdecadearevolutionhasoccurredinthewaythatscientiststhinkaboutthebrain.Wenowknowthatthedecisionshu
Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsendingthingsbyair?【7】
Completethechartbelow.Matchtheadvantagesofjoiningalearningcircle(I-VI)totheperson.NOTE:therearemorea
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.TheTawnyOwlMost【L31】______owlspeciesinUKStronglynocturna
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.ChimpanzeeBehavioursSpeciesWecanfindPanorPanTroglody
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.ChimpanzeeBehavioursSpeciesWecanfindPanorPanTroglody
随机试题
男,30岁。右髋部疼痛一年,伴低热、盗汗、纳差及体重减轻。查:右髋关节呈屈曲畸形,活动受限,Thomas征(+),ESR30mm/h。X线片示右髋关节间隙变窄,关节面有骨质破坏,右髋臼有直径2cm大小空洞,内有坏死骨片在治疗期间右髋大转子处出现一
史密斯贸易有限公司敬启者:你方7月10日关于甘薯片(Sweetpotatoslices)的回盘收悉,谢谢。现确认接受你方回盘如下:1,000公吨甘薯片,每公吨成本保险加运费鹿特丹价为185美元,包括5%佣金。质量符合样品sp-03号,水份最高16
“应付账款”账户的期初贷方余额为8000元,本期贷方发生额为12000元,期末贷方余额为6000元,则该账户的本期借方发生额为()。[2005年真题]
中国公民赵某在2017年12月有如下收入:(1)当月工资5500元,因公出差取得差旅费津贴540元,应按照所在省规定的办法和比例扣除住房公积金和各项基本社会保险费720元,12月份取得除当月工资外的年度绩效工资30000元,赵某曾在当年10月向任职受雇
以下关于物业管理的说法中,正确的是()。
求助者表示自己的好朋友得了一等奖学金,自己一方面为他高兴,另一方面又嫉妒他,感到十分痛苦。咨询师应该()。
公安机关要协助人民法院对通过信息网络公然侮辱他人或者捏造事实诽谤他人的犯罪行为提供证据。()
以下叙述正确的是(24)。
Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis______.Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingy
Dreamsareastateofconsciousness,anexperiencethatyouhavewhenyouareasleep.Whenyoudreamsomethingyouhaveanexper
最新回复
(
0
)