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  3. During a lab meeting, one of our PhD researchers recalls how her father would forbid her from using paper to help solve maths ho

During a lab meeting, one of our PhD researchers recalls how her father would forbid her from using paper to help solve maths ho

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问题    During a lab meeting, one of our PhD researchers recalls how her father would forbid her from using paper to help solve maths homework problems by writing them down. 【F1】Another admits that she sometimes still uses her hands to make small calculations, although she does so while hiding them behind her back. When we realize that all of us use our fingers in order to answer demands for the "third, fifth, and seventh digits" of our secret online banking password, we laugh in relief. We are not so foolish after all, or at least we are not alone.
   Our ability to think and reason has been trained and tested in real world situations that restrict our ability to use our hands. At school, children quickly learn to count "in their heads", without using their fingers as props. At university, we ask our students to take "closed-book" exams, relying only on that information committed to memory. Job applicants take intelligence tests during which their interaction with the world is limited to a tick-box (or computer key-press) to mark their selected answers. 【F2】The implicit assumption that supports these practices is that truly intelligent behavior originates from the inner parts of the brain, and the brain alone.
   Of course educators are well aware that props are a great help in teaching young children to reason with numbers and solve problems. Likewise, neuropsychologists use props to assess memory loss in the elderly. 【F3】In other words, it’s acceptable to engage with the material world to support your thinking if your mental abilities are still developing or if you are losing your cognitive powers. For the rest of us, however, it’s seen as a sign of cognitive weakness.
   It is this view we aim to challenge, rejecting the metaphor of mind as computer according to which thoughts ultimately emerge from the brain’s processing of information from the outside world. 【F4】The subtle consequence of this metaphor is that it implies that simulating a situation in your head while you think is equivalent to living through that situation while you think. In both cases, your answer will depend only on how (well) your brain processes the information.
   Our research strongly challenges this assumption. We show instead that people’s thoughts, choices and insights can be transformed by physical interaction with things. 【F5】So next time your child counts using her fingers, or you see your employees spread out information over their desk and walls, be reassured: they are not limited in their capacity to think well. In fact, they are enhancing their ability to think.
【F5】
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答案因此，下次你看见你的孩子用手指数数，或者看见你的雇员在他们桌子和墙上张贴信息，请放心：他们的思考能力没有受限。
解析 ①本句为复合句。主句为祈使句be reassured．．．，冒号后的内容是对be reassured“放心”的补充说明，即补充说明可以不用为什么担心。②句首的So表明本句与前一句为因果关系，前因后果；next time在句中作引导词，引导时间状语从句，说明什么时候可以be reassured“放心”；第一个逗号前的using her fingers为方式状语，说明是用手指counts“数数”；see sb．do sth.意为“看见某人做某事”；第二个逗号前的over their desk and walls为地点状语，补充说明employees spread out information的地点。③sb．be limited to do sth．意为“某人被限制傲某事”，in their capacity为状语，表示“在他们的能力方面”。
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