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  3. In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing us

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing us

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问题    In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
   In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor’s degree.
   Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
   One type of test is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
It may be concluded that testing______.
选项 A、should test only opinions
B、should always be written
C、has changed since the Middle Ages
D、is given only in factories
答案C
解析 推理题。根据文章第一段可知，在古代，考试通常采用诗歌朗诵或发表演讲的方式。根据第二段第一句可知，在中世纪，攻读高级学位的学生们通常要与其专业领域的研究人员讨论问题。由此可知，考试方式从中世纪发生了变化。选项A(应该只测试观点)、选项B(应该总是笔试)和选项D(只在工厂进行)文中均未提及，故本题选C。
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