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  3. Warning Coloration Many animals have defense mechanisms that help protect them from predators. In some cases, these animals

Warning Coloration Many animals have defense mechanisms that help protect them from predators. In some cases, these animals

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问题                                                     Warning Coloration
    Many animals have defense mechanisms that help protect them from predators. In some cases, these animals have distinct coloring that signals predators of the presence of such defenses. This type of coloring is called warning coloration. If a predator does not recognize the meaning of this coloration and attacks, it may suffer significant discomfort or injury when its would-be prey employs its defense mechanism. As a result, the predator learns to associate the warning coloration with negative consequences, and will from that point forward avoid attacking animals that have that coloration.
    Now listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.
    Explain how the professor’s example from the lecture illustrates warning coloration.
Now listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.
    We have a good example of this with the skunk. As most of you know, the skunk is a furry little mammal that can be found throughout North America.
    Skunks have a very distinctive marking. Their body is mostly black, and they have a big white stripe that runs from the top of their head all the way down their back and along their big bushy tail. So they’re very easy to see and very easy to recognize even from a distance.
    Skunks also have special glands under their tail that produce a terrible, smelling liquid. And when skunks are approached by a predator, they lift their tail and spray the predator with this liquid.
    For example, let’s say a wolf is preparing to attack a skunk. As the wolf approaches, the skunk lifts its tail and sprays the wolf. That’s very very unpleasant for the wolf because it’s now covered with this repulsive, foul-smelling liquid. The wolf doesn’t want to be sprayed again, so it backs off and leaves the skunk alone. And from then on, whenever that wolf sees a furry, little black body with a big white stripe running from its head to its tail, it’ll recall that terrible smell and it’ll be sure to stay far away.
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答案 Warning coloration refers to a type of coloring that animals have to signal the presence of a defense mechanism to their predators. If the predators ignore it and foolishly attack, they might suffer. And as a result, the next time when the predators see the same kind of prey, they will remember the terrible encounter and run away. In the lecture, the professor uses the skunk as an example to illustrate this term. Skunks have an unique marking. Their body is mostly black with a big white stripe that runs from the head down to the tail. The glands under their tail can produce a smelly liquid. When a wolf tries to approach and attack a skunk, it lifts its tail and spray the wolf with this liquid. So the wolf drops back and goes away. From then on, whenever the wolf sees things that look like a skunk, the terrible memory would ring a bell and urge it to stay far away from the skunk.
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