2. 考研
  3. In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 — 45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G t

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 — 45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G t

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问题     In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 — 45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)
    Confronted with a sink suddenly leaking water many homeowners have neither the knowledge nor the materials to make the repair themselves. In choosing a plumber they generally have to rely on some sort of signal of quality. A recommendation from a stranger helps; a recommendation from a sensible neighbour can help even more; prior, direct experience is best of all.
    Government regulators can be said to be permanently in need of plumbers. Faced with a rapidly changing market and technological advances—of financial instruments, medical therapies , agricultural methods, software—the regulatory agencies have to make decisions quickly. 41.______
    Jerry Kim, an assistant professor of business at Columbia University, wanted to test the relationship between reputation and regulatory treatment at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). He looked at 884 New Drug Applications (NDAs) submitted to the FDA for approval between 1990 and 2004. A firm’s reputation, in this case, depended not on its market share or the use of its drugs, but its generation of knowledge and innovation. 42.______
    The hypothesis proved correct; the higher the firm’s reputation, the more likely that its drugs would speed through the approval process. Other factors influenced FDA approval as well. 43.______ A firm’s political contributions, meanwhile, were a non— factor.
    Mr. Kim also found a curious side effect of the drug—approval process. The FDA has a special "priority" rating for those drugs believed to be significantly better than existing treatments. (New drugs, or those first to treat a disease, are more likely to be designated priority. ) There was no statistically significant relationship, however, between a firm’s reputation and the likelihood of its application receiving priority status. 44.______
    In separate research, Mr. Kim found that the approved drugs from high—status firms were more likely to prompt product recalls or warnings. In short, the established firms may travel more easily.
    Mr. Kim draws two lessons from his findings. One is practical; new biotech firms may want to partner with veterans to get their products to market more quickly and establish a strong reputation. The second is to adopt a healthy scepticism about the ability of regulators to protect the public. 45.______"These people... really are dedicated to serving public interest and they’re trying their best," says Mr. Kim of his talks with FDA researchers. "The problem is, their best is not always good enough. "
[A]Drugs targeted at "underserved" illnesses (those that lack good treatments) were approved more quickly, for example, while any drug submitted after a product recall, regardless of whether or not it was related to the recalled drug, was more likely to spend additional time under review.
[B]To find reputable plumbing contractors government should study the field more thoroughly and set a standard to make sure that all the plumbers are licensed and to ensure safe operation of water heaters and boilers.
[C]The biases he found were not the kind easily attributable to underhanded bribery, lobbying, or even more subtle political pressures; rather, they are the result of trying to process a great deal of information quickly.
[D]Mr. Kim’s hypothesis was that a firm with a longer track record of contributing to drug development would have its NDAs approved faster than would a developer less well known to the FDA. The more patent citations a firm had, the greater its knowledge reputation.
[E]The most common side effects associated with the drug include headache and stomachache. The medication should not be taken by people who are trying to restrict their sodium intake.
[F]It might then make sense that, as one would welcome a recommended plumber, regu-lators might be more willing to trust companies with stronger reputations.
[G]This suggests that established firms are not more likely to turn out innovative or especially useful drugs than their lesser—known peers.
选项
答案D
解析 前两句建议采取一种行为：选择你将作出改变的一件事情，承诺连续30天一直作出这样的改变。后面几句说明采取该行动的意义：通过履行对自己的承诺，可以学会信任自己，(因为人们很少遵守对自己的承诺，)而信任自己是幸福的源泉。 [C]是首句的同义表达，为正确选项。[B]具有干扰，它只概括了行为的结果，没有涉及到行为本身，为错误选项。
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