首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Meteorologists routinely tell us what next week’s weather is likely to be, and climate scientists discuss what might happen in 1
Meteorologists routinely tell us what next week’s weather is likely to be, and climate scientists discuss what might happen in 1
admin
2010-07-19
39
问题
Meteorologists routinely tell us what next week’s weather is likely to be, and climate scientists discuss what might happen in 100 years. Christoph Schar, though, ventures dangerously close to that middle realm, where previously only the Farmer’s Almanac dared go; what will next summer’s weather be like? Following last year’s tragic heat wave, which directly caused the death of tens of thousands of people, the question is of burning interest to Europeans. Schar asserts that last summer’s sweltering temperatures should no longer be thought of as extraordinary. "The situation in 2002 and 2003 in Europe, where we had a summer with extreme rainfall and record flooding followed by the hottest summer in hundreds of years, is going to be typical for future weather patterns," he says.
Most Europeans have probably never read Schar’s report (not least because it was published in the scientific journal Nature in the dead of winter) but they seem to be bracing themselves for the Worst. As part of its new national "heat-wave plan" France issued a level-three alert when temperatures in Provence reached 34 degrees Celsius three days in a row; hospital and rescue workers were asked to prepare for an influx of patients. Italian gove4’nment officials have proposed creating a national registry of people over 65 so they can be herded into air conditioned supermarkets in the event of another heat wave. 1.ondon’s mayor has offered a £100,000 reward for anybody who can come up with a practical way of cooling the city’s underground trains, where temperatures have lately reached nearly 40 degrees Celsius. (The money hasn’t been claimed.) Global warming seems to have permanently entered the European psyche.
If the public is more aware, though, experts are more confused. When the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change hammered out its last assessment in 2001, scientists pulled together the latest research and made their best estimate of how much the Earth’s atmosphere would warm during the next century. There was a lot they didn’t know, but they were confident they’d be able to plug the gaps in time for the next report, due out in 2007. When they explored the fundamental physics and chemistry of the atmosphere, though, they found something unexpected: the way the atmosphere and, in particular, clouds--respond to increasing levels of carbon is far more complex and difficult to predict than they had expected. "We thought we’d reduce the uncertainty, but that hasn’t happened," says Kevin Trenberth, a climate scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and a lead author of the next IPCC report. "As we delve further and further into the science and gain a better understanding of the true complexity of the atmosphere, the uncertainties have gotten deeper."
This doesn’t mean, of course, that the world isn’t warming. Only the biased or the deluded deny that temperatures have risen, and that human activity has something to do with it. The big question that scientists have struggled with is how much warming will occur over the next century? With so much still un known in the climate equation, there’s no way of telling whether warnings of catastrophe are overblown or if things are even more dire than we thought.
Why do scientists like Schar make predictions? Because, like economists, it’s their job to hazard a best guess with the resources at hand--namely, vast computer programs that simulate what the Earth’s atmosphere will do in certain circumstances. These models incorporate all the latest research into how the Earth’s atmosphere behaves. But there are problems with the computer models. The atmosphere is very big, but also consists of a multitude of tiny interactions among particles of dust, soot, cloud droplets and trace gases that cannot be safely ignored. Current models don’t have nearly the resolution they need to capture what goes on at such small scales.
Scientists got an inkling that something was missing from the models in the early 1990s when they ran a peculiar experiment. They had the leading models simulate warming over the next century and got a similar answer from each. Then they ran the models again--this time accounting for what was then known a bout cloud physics.
The main difference between the Earth’s atmosphere and the simulated one is ______.
选项
A、their size.
B、their content.
C、their height.
D、their density.
答案
A
解析
细节题。由题干中的the Earth’s atmosphere定位至倒数第二段。第二句指出“计算机程序模拟地球大气进行研究”。第四句提到:But there are problems with the computer models,之后分析与原因:The atmosphere is very big…,末句中的“such small scales”表明模拟大气和地球大气之间的区别在于尺寸,故[A]为答案。[B]具有较强的干扰性,虽然倒数第二句提到大气中存在的很多物质,但作者重点放在scales上,排除此项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/fV3YFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
DavidLandes,authorofTheWealthandPovertyofNations:WhySomeAreSoRichandSomeSoPoor,creditstheworld’seconomica
WhichcountrywasneverbethecolonyoftheGreatBritain?
TheHistoryofAmericanIndiansWhenEuropeansdiscoveredtheWesternhemisphere,theydiscoveredaraceofpeople.【1】____
EnglishasaNationalForeignLanguageIndiahastwonationallanguagesforcentraladministrativepurposes:HindiandEngli
Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume______.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDN
Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregardenvironmentalprotectionchieflybecause______.T
Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthought
Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthought
1 InproposedchangestoTitleIX,thefederallawprohibitingsexdiscriminationineducation,theBushadministrationwantst
1 ResearchersuncoveredaseriousflawintheunderlyingtechnologyfornearlyallInternettraffic,adiscoverythatledtoan
随机试题
随着欧洲城市的兴起和发展,成为实施城市社会生活管理及工商经营管理有机组成部分的是【】
《黄帝内经》的作用是( )明代医家的作用是( )
在诊疗同意制度中,如果病人方面的意见不统一,医师应当以谁的意见为准
定作人履行设备承揽合同交付原材料后,其原材料发生灭失的,风险由( )承担。
综合布线系统通信线路的地下管道引入房屋建筑的路由和位置,应与房屋建筑()单位协商决定。
三硫化四磷分子的结构研究表明,该分子中没有不饱和键,且各原子的最外层均已到达了八个电子的结构。在一个三硫化四磷分子中含有的共价键个数是()。
在伊索寓言中有个《狐狸与葡萄》的故事,说的是一只狐狸很想得到已经熟透了的葡萄,于是它跳起来去够,结果不够高,于是又跳起来,再跳起来……想吃葡萄而又跳得不够高,这也算是一种“挫折”或“心理压力”了。此时此刻那狐狸该怎么办呢?若是一个劲地跳下去,就是累死也还是
简述北洋政府时期立法活动的特点。
WhatdowemeanbyaperfectEnglishpronunciation?Inone【C1】______thereareasmanydifferentkindsofEnglishastherearesp
Sometimeshalfthedrop-offsatthelocalU-HaulrentalplacescomefromCalifornia.
最新回复
(
0
)