首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations,
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations,
admin
2019-09-17
45
问题
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations, approximately 3.7 billion people will inhabit urban areas some 10 years later. As cities grow, so do the number of buildings that characterize them: office towers, factories, shopping malls and high-rise apartment buildings. These structures depend on artificial ventilation systems to keep clean and cool air flowing to the people inside. We know these systems by the term "air-conditioning".
Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they pose many potential health
hazards
. Much research has looked at how the circulation of air inside a closed environment — such as an office building — can spread disease or expose occupants to harmful chemicals.
One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaire’s disease, which was first recognized in the 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which warm air pumped out of the system’s cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake, in most cases due to poor design. This warm air was, needless to say, the perfect environment for the rapid growth of disease-carrying bacteria originating from outside the building, where it existed in harmless quantities. The warm, bacteria-laden air was combined with cooled, conditioned air and was then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they walked past air exhaust
ducts
. Cases of Legionnaire’s disease are becoming fewer with newer system designs and modifications to older systems, but many older buildings, particularly in developing countries, require constant monitoring.
The ways in which air-conditioners work to "clean" the air can
inadvertently
cause health problems, too. One such way is with the use of an electrostatic precipitator, which removes dust and smoke particles from the air. What precipitators also do, however, is to emit large quantities of positive air ions into the ventilation system. A growing number of studies show that overexposure to positive air ions can result in headaches, fatigue and feelings of irritation.
Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers. In older systems, the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs, the bottoms of which provide breeding grounds for bacteria and fungi which can find their way into the ventilation system. The risk to human health from this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems of approximately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed antibodies to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of system reservoirs. Chemical disinfectants, called "biocides", that are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free, are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities, as they often contain compounds such as pentachlorophenol, which is strongly linked to abdominal cancers.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created by air-conditioners can also
adversely
affect us. In a natural environment, whether indoor or outdoor, there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Indeed, the human body has long been accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or work environment, however, body temperatures remain well under 37°C, our normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater susceptibility to diseases such as colds and flu.
Flu and colds are caused mainly due to______.
选项
A、bacteria
B、temperatures
C、chemicals
D、biocides
答案
B
解析
细节识别。Flu and colds出现在第六段最后“…body temperatures remain well under 37℃,our normal temperature.This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater susceptibility to diseases such as colds and flu”,即人体温度长时间处在远低于人体正常温度37℃的水平,导致免疫力下降,更易感染普通感冒和流感这样的疾病。既然感冒类疾病多因低温引起,那么选项B为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/f1PYFFFM
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
NarratorListentopartofatalkinahistoryclass.Nowgetreadytoanswerthequestions.Youmayuseyournotestohelpyou
NarratorListentopartofatalkinahistoryclass.Nowgetreadytoanswerthequestions.Youmayuseyournotestohelpyou
NarratorListentopartofaconversationbetweentostudents.Nowgetreadytoanswerthequestions.Youmayuseyournotesto
IsEarthGettingWarmer?TheNationalAcademyofSciencesclaimedrecentlythatpeopleshouldcautionratherthanpanicaboutth
HudsonRiverSchoolTheHudsonRiverSchoolencompassestwogenerationsofpaintersinspiredbyThomasCole’sawesomelyRomantic
PatentsandInventionsWhenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:first,hecang
PatentsandInventionsWhenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:first,hecang
PestControlP1:Pestcontrolisatleastasoldasagriculture,astherehasalwaysbeenaneedtokeepcropsfreefrompests.
Whattheynevertakeintoaccountisthefrazzledwomanwhoisleadinga______life-tryingtobeagoodmotherwhilehavingto
随机试题
下列情况下,不考虑首选放疗的是
有关无痛注射错误的叙述是
患者男,67岁,因慢性支气管炎、肺部感染、呼吸衰竭入院。护理体检:气促,不能平卧,痰黏呈黄色,不易咳出。测血气分析氧分压5.3kPa,血二氧化碳分压10.8kPa。给其氧疗时最适宜的氧浓度和氧流量为()
下列情形中,不属于纳税人应当进行土地增值税清算的是()。
明代以前陶瓷釉色以青为主,明代以后以白瓷为主。()
市场体系的三大支柱是()。
甲到飞机场坐飞机,飞机场的十二个登机口排成一条直线,相邻两个登机口之间相距50米。甲在登机口等待时被告知登机口更改了,那么甲走到新登机口的距离不超过200米的概率是:
有一个很有影响力的公司.小道消息说要裁员,很多媒体也广泛报道此事。引起了当地政府部门的注意。当地人事局到该公司询问,你作为该公司的人力资源部门主管,怎么办?
西汉前期最为重要的散文作家是_______。
Howwilltheygettothecity?
最新回复
(
0
)