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  3. A recent study concluding that the first two years of undergraduate education makes very little difference in students’ abilitie

A recent study concluding that the first two years of undergraduate education makes very little difference in students’ abilitie

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问题     A recent study concluding that the first two years of undergraduate education makes very little difference in students’ abilities to read critically and write clearly points to a troubling fact in higher education. We are not doing an adequate job of preparing students for life and work in the 21st century. There are many reasons for students’ difficulties. Far too many come to college today less well prepared than in the past and are not able to work at the level that should be required of them. It is essential to develop an approach to reform that integrates K-12 and college education.
    The challenges students face are compounded by pressures faculty members face. The imbalance between research and teaching has led to curricula that are over-specialized. Many of the courses offered are of little interest or use to students. When a person’s professional future depends on research and publication, there is very little incentive to spend time teaching and working with students.
    But even well intentioned teachers who would like to do more for their students often face insurmountable difficulties. Growing financial problems make it virtually impossible to provide the kind of education students deserve. While faculty members and graduate students are being cut, many schools are trying to increase income by admitting more students, leaving insufficient professional teacher for the students recruited.
    When there is pressure to teach large classes to help the bottom line, the wisest policy is to assign little reading or writing and to grade easily. Teaching well takes lots of time and helping student to learn to read critically and write well cannot be done in lecture halls with hundreds of students.
    The situation is even worse than recent reports suggest. Students are going to need new skills and different literacy in the future. The technological revolution that continues to take place is transforming the very structure of knowledge and, by extension, is changing the way people think, read and write. Traditional skills and competence in reading and writing are still necessary but are no longer sufficient. We must also teach students to be as critical and creative in new media as they should be in the old.
    None of this will be easy or cheap but it must be done now. There has to be a thorough reassessment of the value of teaching and significant reallocation of resources within colleges and universities as well as the country at large.
What has caused the specialization of the courses at colleges?
选项 A、The requirement of the modern society on students.
B、Strong interest from students at colleges.
C、Challenges faced with the students nowadays.
D、Disproportioned relation between research and teaching.
答案D
解析 事实细节题。根据题干关键词the specialization of the courses定位至第二段第二句：科研和教学的不均衡发展使得课程的设置过于专业化，开设的很多课程对学生来说没有吸引力或者没有用途。可见，课程专业化是由于科研与教学二者不均衡的关系所致，因此[D]符合文意，同理排除[B]。由文章主旨可知，21世纪的发展对学生的各种能力提出了不同的要求，从而对目前高等教育产生质疑，可见，不是现代社会要求课程设置专业化，故排除[A]；第二段第一句指出，教职人员面临的压力也加重了学生面临的挑战，并没有说学生面临的挑战使得课程设置专业化，故排除[C]。
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