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  3. Some heartening statistics were reported last year by the Journal of the National Cancer Institute: the mortality rate for breas

Some heartening statistics were reported last year by the Journal of the National Cancer Institute: the mortality rate for breas

admin2011-01-02  44
问题    Some heartening statistics were reported last year by the Journal of the National Cancer Institute: the mortality rate for breast cancer dropped nearly five percent between 1989 and 1992, the largest decline since 1950. The numbers were even more dramatic for young women: between 1987 and 1992, the mortality rate plummeted nearly 18 percent among white women younger than 40.
   But discouraging news also surfaced: the mortality rate among black women has gone up, and the number of reported breast cancer cases is rising as well. Twenty years ago a woman’s lifetime risk of breast cancer was one in 12; now it’s one in eight.
   Nevertheless, we’re on the verge of a revolution in treating this disease. Researchers now have a clear picture of how a cancer cell becomes a tumor -- and how cells break free from a tumor and glide through the bloodstream to seed a new one in another part of the body. And they better understand how the female hormone estrogen makes breast cancer cells grow. "I think we’re going to get this disease licked in my lifetime, "says Dr. Susan M. Love, director of the Revlon/U. C. L. A. Breast Cancer Center in Los Angeles.
   Until that time, information is a woman’s most powerful tool. "A cancer diagnosis isn’t an emergency." Dr. Love says. "A patient should take time to educate herself and find out what the options are. " Most of all, a woman needs to remember  that breast cancer is not death sentence, and that more than half of all women who develop it will live at least 15 years after their diagnosis.
   Much of today’s good news centers on refining old therapies, Here’s where we stand in treating breast cancer.
   Surgery and Radiation. The most dramatic change in breast cancer treatment in the past 20 years is that mastectomy -- removal of the entire breast and often part of the underlying chest muscle -- is no longer considered the only safe course. The chances of survival are no greater after a mastectomy that after the less disfiguring lumpectomy -- in which just the tumor is removed and the breast is left intact -followed by radiation. "There are good reasons to choose mastectomy," says Dr. Larry Norton, chief of breast cancer medicine Manhattan’s Memorial Sloan-kettring Cancer Center. "But ff you’re a good candidate for lumpectomy, increasing your chances of a cure isn’t one of those reasons."
   For about 30 percent of women, mastectomy is the only reasonable choice -- for example, a woman with small breasts and a large tumor, or one whose tumor is disseminated throughout the breast. But concerns about which procedure to choose often have more to do with life-style and attitudes. A lumpectomy requires radiation following surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells, which can mean outpatient visits five days a week for five to seven weeks. Scheduling could be a problem. Nancy Reagan, for instance, decided to have a mastectomy because radiation treatments would have taken too much time.
   Many women, however, choose mastectomy out of fear and lack of information. Some patients are terrified of radiation and need to understand what it’s really all about, says Carol Fred, a clinical social worker at U. C. L. A’s Rhonda Fleming Mann Resource Center for Women with Cancer.
   After a lumpectomy the machine that administers the treatment aims radioactive particles at the affected breast only. The treatments make most women tired and can sometimes leave the skin feeling sunburned. But the breast is not left radio- active.
Which statement do the researchers think is wrong?
选项 A、They know how a tumor is developed.
B、They know now a new tumor is seeded in the body.
C、They know how the female hormone estrogen makes breast cancer cells grow.
D、They know breast cancer is a death sentence to women.
答案D
解析 该题问：下面哪一项的陈述研究者认为是错误的? A项意为“他们知道一个肿瘤是如何发展的”，这一项内容可从本文第三段中找到Researchers now have a clear picture of how a cancer cell becomes a tumor，因此A项不是正确选项。B项意为“他们知道一个新肿瘤如何被种在身体里”。在本文第三段中也可以找到此项内容how cells break free from a tumor and glide through the bloodstream to seed a new one in another part of the body，因此B项也不是正确选项。C项意为“他们知道女性荷尔蒙雌性激素如何使乳腺癌细胞增加”。在本文的第三段也可以找到出处，因此C项不是正确选项。D项意为“他们知道乳腺癌对于妇女来说等于判了死刑”。从本文的第四段中可以发现一句话Most of all，a woman needs to remember that breast cancer is not a death sentence．因此可知研究者认为D项是错误的。
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