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  3. One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public educatio

One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public educatio

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问题     One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950’s and 1960’s on the schools. In the 1920’s, but especially in the depression conditions of the 1930’s, the United States experienced a declining birth rate—every thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920, 89. 2 in 1930, 75. 8 in 1936, and 80 in 1940. With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106. 2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. Although economics was probably the most important determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates.
    The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940 ’s and became a flood by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood. The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945. Moreover, during the war and in the boom times that followed, large numbers of teachers left their profession for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.
    Therefore, in the 1950’s and 1960’s, the baby boom hit an antiquated (过时的,废旧的) and inadequate school system. Consequently, the "custodial (监护的,保管的) rhetoric" of the 1930’s and early 1940’s no longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen. With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline. The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.
The public schools of the 1950’s and 1960’s faced all of the following problems EXCEPT
选项 A、a declining number of students
B、old-fashioned facilities
C、an inadequate number of school buildings
D、a shortage of teachers
答案A
解析 本题问五六十年代的公立学校面临着以下各种问题，除了哪个以外。针对四个选项所给的信息，利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章第二段最后一部分找到与正确答案相关的内容。这部分指出，在1940年至1945年战争年代里几乎没建立过什么新的学校，而且，在战争时期和随之而来的高峰生育期，大量的教师离职寻求能在经济上获得较好报酬的工作。第三段第一句指出，五六十年代的高峰生育也给陈旧过时、不符合要求的学校体制带来了挑战。因此，五六十年代的公立学校面临的问题有：过时的设备、缺少教师和缺少教学楼。而学生人数下降是不包括在内的。所以，本题的正确答案应是A。
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