2. 考研
  3. 文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。把作品从异国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得人于“化境”。十七世纪有人赞美这种造诣的翻译，比为原作的“投胎转世”，躯壳换了一个，而精神姿致依然故我。但是，一国文字

文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。把作品从异国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得人于“化境”。十七世纪有人赞美这种造诣的翻译，比为原作的“投胎转世”，躯壳换了一个，而精神姿致依然故我。但是，一国文字

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问题    文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。把作品从异国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得人于“化境”。十七世纪有人赞美这种造诣的翻译，比为原作的“投胎转世”，躯壳换了一个，而精神姿致依然故我。但是，一国文字和另一国文字之间必然有距离，译者的理解和文风跟原作品的内容和形式之间也不会没有距离，而且译者的体会和他自己的表达能力之间还时常有距离。从一种文字出发，积寸累尺地度越那许多距离，安稳到达另一种文字里，这是很艰辛的历程。一路上颠顿风尘，遭遇风险，不免有所遗失或受些损伤。因此，译文总有失真和走样的地方，在意义或口吻上违背或不尽贴合原文。那就是“讹”，西洋谚语所谓“翻译者即反逆者”。“媒”和“诱”当然说明了翻译在文化交流里所起的作用。它是个居间者或联络员，……仿佛做媒似的，使国与国之间缔结了“文学因缘”。
选项
答案 The highest standard in literary translation is " sublimation". A translation which manages to change a work from the language of one nation into the language of another whilst not evincing any of the forced or inflexible usages that derive from differences between language habits, and which at the same time preserves intact the flavor of the original work, may be considered to have entered this "realm of sublimation" . In praising the attainment in translation of just such a sphere, a seventeenth-century Englishman compared the process to "the transmigration of souls" whereby, although the external form of the original is completely replaced, the inner soul remains exactly the same. There exists inevitably a hiatus between the language of one nation and that of another, just as it is impossible for there not to be an interstice between the understanding and literary style of the translator and the content and from of the original work. Moreover, there is also frequently a disjunction between the translator’s appreciation of an original work and his or her own powers of expression. Yet translation, by definition, will always involve both the language of the nation of the original work as point of departure and the language of the nation into which the work is translated as point of arrival. The path that leads between these two points is an exceedingly tortuous one and the original, buffered by hardships and encountering every sort of peril a-long the way, will inevitably suffer loss or damage. All translations therefore are, in part, untrue to their originals and serve to distort them. They either violate the meaning and tone of these originals , or, at the very least, fail to quite match them. It is this aspect of translation that we refer to as its "misrepresentation" —as the Western adage has it: "The translator is a traitor" . The words "decoy" (mei) and "inveigle" (you) obviously serve to explain the role of translation within the processes of cultural interaction between nations. A translation acts the role of an intermediary or liaison officer. Performing a function somewhat akin to that of matchmaker, a translation establishes "Literary Affinities" between nations.
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