2. 外语
  3. The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermi

The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermi

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问题     The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermined by touring groups, as New York became the only major center of production, and as the long run superseded the repertory (准备表演的戏剧、节 目等) system. By 1870, the resident stock company was at the peak of its development in the United States. The 50 permanent companies of 1870, however, had dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900.
    While the causes of this change were numerous, probably the most important one was the rise of the "combination" company (that is, one that travels with star and full company). Sending out a complete production was merely a logical extension of touring by stars. By the 1840’s, many major actors were already taking along a small group of lesser players, for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles.
    There is much disagreement about the origin of the combination company. Boucicault claims to have initiated it around 1860 when he sent out a troupe with Colleen Bawn, but a book published in 1859 speaks of combination companies has already established. Joseph Jefferson M also declared that he was a pioneer in the movement. In actuality, the practice probably began tentatively during the 1850’s, only to be interrupted by the Civil War. It mushroomed in the 1870’s, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increasingly feasible to transport full productions, in 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company, but no scenery, on tour; in 1876, Rose Mi-chei was sent out with full company, scenery, and properties. By the season of 1876—1877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282.
Which of the following events is NOT listed as a reason for the decline of the resident stock company?
选项 A、The rise of touring companies.
B、The outbreak of the Civil War.
C、The growing importance of New York as a production center.
D、The replacement of the repertory theater by the long run.
答案B
解析 本题可以用排除法迅速地找到答案。在：艾中第一段第一句中三个由“as”引导的状语从句明确地说明了固定剧团衰落的原因。“……随着固定剧团被流动剧团逐渐削弱，随着纽约开始变为戏剧产品仅有的主要生产中心，随着连续演出制被时常换剧目制所取代……”由此看出，选项A、C、D都是导致固定剧团衰落的原因。选项B“内战的爆发”在文中提到的是内战中断了几年流动剧团的发展。
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