2. 外语
  3. It would be difficult to have a society like ours without public goods such as defense, transportation, and other services. A

It would be difficult to have a society like ours without public goods such as defense, transportation, and other services. A

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问题    It would be difficult to have a society like ours without public goods such as defense, transportation, and other services.
   A public good is one that a person can use without reducing the use of it for another person. One of the best examples of a public good is national defense.  One person can benefit from our national defense without reducing another person’s benefits.  In fact, it is difficult to keep any person in our society from enjoying the benefits of national defense.
   The market system does not work well in producing public goods.  This is because a person who refuses to pay for a public good can not be kept from using it.  Suppose that the neighbors in a high crime area decide to hire a police force. Each neighbor, except Mrs. Smith, agrees to pay $100 a year for it.  Mrs. Smith refuses to pay because she knows that if all the others pay the $100, the police will guard the area anyway.  So Mrs. Smith can enjoy the services of the police force without paying $100.
   The market system has no way to deal with this type of problem.  For this reason, we can not ask each person to make a direct payment in the form of product price.  Therefore, we collect money for public goods by using taxes.
选项 A、services enjoyed by all people
B、what we can buy and sell in public
C、products that we make for national defense
D、taxes paid by the people involved
答案A
解析 本题为细节题。第二段第一句“A public good is one that a person can use without reducing the use lf it for another person．”对公益作了明确定义，由此可见它是为人所共有的，即选项A；由第三段第一句“The market system does not work well in producing public goods．”可知产生公益时，市场规律行不通，因为它既不是产品，也不可买卖，故排除B、C；由文章最后一句“Therefore，we collect money for public goods by using taxes．”可知税收的一部分是公益基金，但税收并不等同于公益，所以D项也排除。
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