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  3. "Stress" Read a short passage and then listen to part of a lecture on the same topic. Reading Time: 45 seconds Stres

"Stress" Read a short passage and then listen to part of a lecture on the same topic. Reading Time: 45 seconds Stres

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问题     "Stress"
    Read a short passage and then listen to part of a lecture on the same topic.
    Reading Time: 45 seconds
    Stress
    Stress is defined as a mental and physical condition that occurs when an adjustment or adaptation must be made to the environment. Unpleasant conditions or events cause stress, as, for example, financial problems, a divorce, health issues, or pressure at work. However, a certain amount of stress occurs even when the adjustment is to a condition that is perceived as desirable. Exercise, dating, moving to a new home, or taking a trip are all stressful situations. Although short-term stress is usually harmless, the consequences of long-term stress can be dangerous to health. Factors that decrease the consequences of stress are the ability to predict stressful situations and the level of control over them that can be achieved.

    Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class. The professor is talking about an experiment.
    Question
    Explain the causes of stress and relate them to the experiment with rats.
    Preparation Time:30 seconds
    Preparation Time:60 seconds
[Narrator 2] Number 4. Read a short passage and then listen to part of a lecture on the same topic. Then listen for a question about them. After you hear the question, you have 30 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to record your answer.
[Narrator 1] Now read the passage about stress printed on page 401. You have 45 seconds to complete
it. Please begin reading now.
[Reading time: 45 seconds]
[Narrator 1] Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class. The professor is talking about an experiment.
[Professor]
    Let me tell you about a classic experiment on rats. I think it was first done in the early seventies by Weiss and reported in the Scientific American. Anyway, the rats were divided randomly into three groups. Rats in the first group were given shocks, but just before the shock was induced, they received a warning in the form of a tone. The second group of rats was also given shocks, but this group didn’t receive the warning tone. And the final control group received no shocks, but they were exposed to the same warning tone as the first group. After a few weeks the rats were examined, and the animals that had received shocks with no warning were already showing severe signs of stomach ulcers. The other two groups of rats showed little or no instance of ulcers. According to Weiss, the experiment confirmed that unexpected events are more stressful than those that can be predicted. In related experiments, there was also evidence that even a small amount of control over the circumstances surrounding the stress can lower the negative effects. When rats were allowed to select their own rest and feeding times, they experienced less physical damage than did rats that received the same amount of rest and feeding at times that were selected for them.
[Narrator 1] Explain the causes of stress and relate them to the experiment with rats.
[Narrator 2] Please prepare your answer after the beep.
Beep
[Preparation time: 30 seconds]
[Narrator 2] Please begin speaking after the beep.
Beep
[Recording time: 60 seconds]
Beep
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