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  3. According to a scientific study published in April, 2007, birds have shown they can plan for a future state of mind. Hoardin

According to a scientific study published in April, 2007, birds have shown they can plan for a future state of mind. Hoardin

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问题     According to a scientific study published in April, 2007, birds have shown they can plan for a future state of mind.
    Hoarding【C1】______for future use is not unique to humans. Birds, squirrels and monkeys do it. But the ability to think not just about tomorrow, but to realize how tomorrow’s feelings might differ from today’s, was thought to be the【C2】______of people. This week researchers demonstrated that Western scrub-jays, a type of crow, can do it, too.
    The researchers, led by Nicky Clayton of the University of Cambridge, wanted to test an idea proposed by Wolfgang Kohler, Norbert Bischof and Doris Bischof Kohler, three German psychologists. The Bischof Kohler hypothesis says that only humans can mentally separate themselves from what they are experiencing to【C3】______how they might feel about future events.
    To test whether this is so, Dr. Clayton and her colleagues sought to tease apart scrub-jays’【C4】______desires from their planning for future needs. They let the birds eat as much of one food as they wanted, exploiting a condition called specific satiety(饱足)—once the birds are full of one food, they show strong【C5】______for something different. They then offered the birds that same food or a second one to store for later.【C6】______the scrub-jays behaved as predicted, choosing to stow away the second food, which they had not just eaten. But minutes before allowing the birds to【C7】______their storage, the researchers fed the birds to satiety with that second food—the one they had already stored. The birds changed their hoarding preferences on the very next trial. Even though they had just had their fill of the first food, they still hoard it, presumably because they thought it would be their preferred choice later. The results are published in this week’s Current Biology.
    The finding matters because the birds seem to plan ahead for what they will want later, even though their choice conflicts with what they want now. It could prompt a【C8】______of how animals perceive the world around them. Without the benefit of【C9】______subjects who can explain their thinking? However, Dr. Clayton and her colleagues will have to develop ever more cunning experiments to【C10】______complex mental processes from simple behavior.
A)experimental I)contend
B)preference J)momentary
C)incidentally K)infer
D)conceive L)initially
E)reassessment M)homogeneous
F)explicit N)preserve
G)recover O)predecessor
H)provisions
【C4】
选项
答案J
解析 与from后的their planning for future needs“对未来需要的打算”相对应的应该是“即时的愿望”，故J)momentary“短暂的，瞬间的”为答案。
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