2. 外语
  3. Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judgin

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judgin

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问题     Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
    All the infants died before the first year. 【R1】________What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
    Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. 【R2】________Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquainting skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
    【R3】________At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
    【R4】________What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear".      【R5】________
    A.  Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
    B.  But clearly there was more than lack of language here.
    C.  Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.
    D.  Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking.
    E.  And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
    F.  Experts suggested that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.

【R5】
选项
答案E
解析 本题的答题关键是理解最后一段的一个重要词汇是空格前一句中的“enables”。选项E中的“ability”与之呼应，均在说明人类天生具有一种说话的能力(the capacity to speak)。
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