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  3. There has been a quiet pandemic developing while most people’s attention has been on COVID-19. The lockdown has exacerbated (使恶化

There has been a quiet pandemic developing while most people’s attention has been on COVID-19. The lockdown has exacerbated (使恶化

admin2022-10-13  29
问题     There has been a quiet pandemic developing while most people’s attention has been on COVID-19. The lockdown has exacerbated (使恶化；使加剧) a problem that has been spreading in many developed nations for decades; loneliness.
    Loneliness increases the risk of heart disease, strokes and dementia (痴呆). Those who say they are lonely are likelier to be depressed five years later. In addition, lonely people can become more hostile towards others and more attracted to extremist politics.
    Part of the problem stems from contemporary employment. Globally, two in five office workers feel lonely at work. This rises to three in five in Britain. Gig-economy (零工经济) jobs can leave people with insecure incomes and without the companionship of colleagues. The pandemic has made it more difficult to make, and maintain, friendships, particularly for new employees.
    Even before the crisis, the hope that open-plan offices would encourage greater camaraderie (同事情谊) proved to be false. Many people find the chatter distracting and retreat with noise-cancelling headphones; they then email colleagues who are sitting only a few desks away. Co-working spaces, where young professionals can take advantage of communal facilities, have not been the answer either. Workers are not there long enough to invest in relationships.
    It may seem odd that loneliness can grow when people are surrounded by so many others. But this paradox was best expressed by the band Roxy Music, when they sang "Loneliness is a crowded room". Most people will be perfectly content, for a while at least, eating on their own at home, perhaps with a good book or the telly (电视机). Sitting all alone in a restaurant or a bar, surrounded by other people chatting, is a much more isolating affair.
    By the same token, big cities can be very isolating. In a survey from 2016, 55％ of Londoners and 52％ of New Yorkers said they sometimes felt lonely. In many cities, around half of all residents live on their own, and the average tenancy of a London renter lasts 20 months. City-dwellers are less likely to be polite, because they are unlikely to meet a passer-by again.
    Perhaps this relates to human history. Mass urbanization is a relatively recent development; if the history of human existence was squeezed into a single day, the Industrial Revolution did not occur until almost midnight. For much of that time, humans lived in small groups of hunter-gatherers; cities may just overwhelm the senses.
    Recreating a communal society may be difficult. When the pandemic ends, people may relish the chance to be with their neighbours and colleagues for a while. But the trend is clear. Technology means that people can get their entertainment at home, and work there, too. It is convenient but it also leads to loneliness. Society will be grappling with this trade-off for decades to come.
Why do people feel isolated in big cities?
选项 A、Because most people are renters and live alone there.
B、Because city residents are reluctant to greet passers-by.
C、Because crowded space will intensify the sense of loneliness.
D、Because people have not yet adapted themselves to urbanization.
答案D
解析 由题干中的isolated和big cities定位到第六段第一句。推理判断题。定位句指出，大城市也会令人感到孤独，随后的第七段分析了其原因，前两句指出，这与人类历史有关，大规模城市化是一个相对较新的发展，最后一句则说，城市可能会淹没人们的感官。综合两处信息可知D“因为人们还没有适应城市化”符合文章意思，故选D。
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