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  3. The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for．No longer．While traditional “paid” media——such as

The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for．No longer．While traditional “paid” media——such as

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问题       The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for．No longer．While traditional “paid” media——such as television commercials and print advertisements——still play a major role，companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media．Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends，and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site．The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media．
    Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products．For earned media，such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses．But in some cases，one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media——for instance，when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site．We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment．This trend，which we believe is still in its infancy，effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further．Johnson&Johnson，for example，has created BabyCenter，a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products．Besides generating income，the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing，and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned．
   The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker，more visible，and much more damaging ways．Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media：an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers，other stakeholders，or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product．Members of social networks，for instance，are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them．
  If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products，putting the reputation of the target company at risk．In such a case，the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful，and the learning curve has been steep．Toyota Motor，for example，alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign，which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg．
Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of__________．
选项 A、responding effectively to hijacked media
B、persuading customers into boycotting products
C、cooperating with supportive consumers
D、taking advantage of hijacked media
答案A
解析 细节题。根据题干定位在文章第四段，其中第一句为文章的主题句，其大意为：如果发生了这样的事情，狂热的消费者可能试图劝服其他人共同抵制公司产品，从而危及企业声誉。这种情况下，企业反应也许不够快或不够好，而且学习应对的道路会非常曲折。接着，文中列举了丰田汽车公司的例子，它能减少部分损失，其原因在于：采取了较快且较有序的社交媒体回应行动。由此判断A项为正确答案。文中末段第一句提到了消费者可能会劝说其他人抵制某些产品，故B项排除。在例子中提到丰田汽车公司缓解危机的方式是与消费者直接沟通，属于例子内的信息且沟通交流不等于合作，故C项排除。文中是消除被劫持媒体带来的危害，而非去利用被劫持的媒体，故D项排除。故本题选A。
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