Research that went into’ developing the highly specialized technology for space travel has resulted in many unexpected practical

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问题     Research that went into’ developing the highly specialized technology for space travel has resulted in many unexpected practical applications back on earth. Out of the engineering that produced rocket motors, liquid propellants, space suits, and other necessities of space flight came by-products that no one had anticipated. Equipment and procedures designed for astronauts and space flights have been successfully adapted for use in medicine, industry, and the home. These valuable products of space research, called spin-offs, have improved the quality of life on earth in many ways.
    Some of the best-known examples of spin-offs from space research are found in hospitals and doctors’ offices. One such example is the sight switch, which was originally developed to allow astronauts to control their spacecraft without using their hands. The sight switch is now used by handicapped people to operate devices using eye movements. Another spin-off is the voice command device, which was designed to enable astronauts to steer their spacecraft by voice command. This device is now being used to help deaf people learn to speak.
    Doctors have also benefited from the technology required to make miniature electronic instruments small enough and durable enough for trips into space. From this technology have come hearing aids the size of an aspirin and television cameras small enough to be attached to a surgeon’s head to give medical students a close-up view of an operation.
    Biotelemetry, which was developed to monitor the physical signs of astronauts by checking their temperature, brain-wave activity, breathing rate, and heartbeat, offers doctors a new means of monitoring hospital patients. Biosensors attached to the body send data by wire or radio. This information is displayed on terminals for doctors to analyze.
    Aerospace scientists in England developed a special bed for astronauts that is now used for burn patients. It enables them to float on a cushion of air. The burns can heal more quickly because they do not rub against the bed.
What does the technical term "spin-offs" refer to?

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