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  3. In the thirteenth century, in order to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, Frederic Ⅱ told

In the thirteenth century, in order to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, Frederic Ⅱ told

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问题 In the thirteenth century, in order to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, Frederic Ⅱ told the nurses to keep silent, and all the infants died before the first year. But dearly there was more than language deprivation here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is serious affected.
Today no such ruthless deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems, when children learn more readily.  If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ, (Intelligence Quotient). At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy-bear (玩具熊) with the sound pattern "teddy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.
But speech has to be triggered, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the child’s babbling, dinging, grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them.  Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends of only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.
选项 A、they do not listen carefully to their mothers
B、their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
C、their brains have to absorb too much language at once
D、their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak
答案D
解析 细节题。参见文中第二段第三句：．．．the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant．．．(有些孩子说活较晚，通常是由于一些母亲对婴儿所发出的语言暗示和信号没有充分地注意和重视的结果。)
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大学英语四级

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