首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Interaction of Body and Mind The concept of psychosomatic illness Psycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosom
The Interaction of Body and Mind The concept of psychosomatic illness Psycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosom
admin
2013-06-03
18
问题
The Interaction of Body and Mind
The concept of psychosomatic illness
Psycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosomatic illness is the occurrence of bodily symptoms(症状) which are psychological or emotional in origin.
Mind and body are not separate; one affects and is affected by the other. Who has not experienced some physical manifestation of emotional stress? Such experiences as a headache after a quarrel and urinary frequency or diarrhea before an examination are not uncommon, and for most people they are of a temporary nature. The symptoms disappear and are forgotten after the crisis has passed. No treatment may be needed, or the patient may use simple remedies to relieve the discomfort. One person may find that a leisurely walk is the best cure for a headache; another may take aspirin.
Certain conditions have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness: pepticulcer, eczema, colitis, and asthma. Personality profiles have been developed to describe the typical characteristics of persons who develop such illness. Another point of view is that human beings are more complex and varied in their responses than such profiles would indicate, and that the type of illness a patient develops in relation to stress varies with many additional factors, such as heredity and environment. Much remains to be learned about the relationship between stress and physical illness.
Physical symptoms, such as palpitation, sweating, or disturbance of sleep, which reflect anxiety, may occur over a prolonged period. The symptoms may seem mysterious and threatening, because the patient is unaware of their cause. The patient whose heart beats more rapidly and forcefully as a manifestation of anxiety may report this symptom to his doctor, believing that something is wrong with his heart. Often the patient is not aware that he is anxious. He knows only that his heart keeps pounding for no apparent reason.
Almost any symptom can have its origin in emotional stress. Some patients almost invariably have the same stress when they become anxious. One may have diarrhea, another asthma, and a third may develop hives or eczema. Some people develop two or several different symptoms; often the symptoms are experienced in an alternating fashion.
The development of bodily symptoms is only one manifestation of anxiety. It may show up also symptoms that are primarily mental, such as the inability to concentrate or to remember. Such symptom too, vary in degree. Many people occasionally experience symptoms like moodiness or depression. When such symptoms are severe or long- lasting, they interfere with the functioning of individual in daily life and with his relationship with others.
Sometimes a person subconsciously develops an illness as a way of handling a desperate need, such as the need for affection. The only real cure is to satisfy the primary desire. An example is a woman who has pain in her heart, not because of organic heart disease, but because the symptom is a way of gaining, if only temporarily, the love and attention for which she longs. Her husband cannot leave her when she is so sick; her children are concerned. Her pain is just as severe as if it had a physical cause.
The reality of psychosomatic illness
Is the patient with psychosomatic illness really sick, or does he merely imagine he is sick? Many people, including the families of patients and members of the health professions, believe that physical illness which is influenced by emotional stress is less real, or wholly imaginary. Acknowledging the reality of the patients’ illness is important; it is the first step in helping him.
Patients with psychosomatic illness are likely to be neglected. The same staff who give excellent care to other patients, not uncommonly ignore them. Some possible reasons may include the use of the term psycho as a prefix. Perhaps this conveys the idea that such patients are mentally iii, and therefore have no physical illness. Perhaps they are considered weaklings. One hears comments like, "He could snap out(克服) of it if he wanted to." Prejudice against these patients may be due to a belief that they are pretending illness in an attempt to get attention or favors.
A patient with psychosomatic illness may be confused with a malingerer, one who deliberately pretends illness in order to achieve secondary gain, such as financial compensation or excuse from work. Pretending illness is considered an unhealthy and unsatisfactory solution to the problems of life. Often it adds to the patient’s difficulties, as he makes elaborate attempts to avoid detection. A malingerer can be helped sometimes to find ways of coping with difficulties. The essential difference between psychosomatic illness and malingering is that the malingerer pretends symptoms. It is a conscious process and he is aware that he is pretending to be sick. The patient with psychosomatic illness develops symptoms as manifestation of largely unconscious psychic conflicts. The symptoms are real.
Condemnation(责难) of the patient with psychosomatic illness can persist despite intellectual understanding of theories about its cause. The patient can sense immediately whether those who care for him are trying to help him or not. It is important to understand that:
The patient with psychosomatic illness is really sick. He is not pretending or imagining his symptoms.
The idea that he can "snap out of it" at will is no more true than it is of those with diseases like pneumonia, whose need for care is readily acknowledged.
Today more and more people are suffering from psychosomatic illness.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
C
解析
由题干中的关键词today more and more people在文中无法定位,原文未提及得病人数的变化.由此得出答案为NG。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/Z51FFFFM
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphe
A、Theenvironmentalproblem.B、Thehealthproblem.C、Theeducationalproblem.D、Theinternationalproblem.AW:Iwonderifourc
Positivememoriescould____________(改善一个人的自我形象)whichhasanimportanteffectonaperson’sactionsandaccomplishments.
Healwaysdidwellatschool,althoughhe______(时不时得兼职).
Languagebarrierspresentavarietyofchallengesforchildrenofanyage.InHoustonalone,bilingualeducationprogramshaveh
Likemanyhighschoolheads,MikeWarbelhadaplanreadywhenthebadnewscame.Itproveduseful,yet【C1】______madehimfeela
Memoryisourmostimportantpossession.Withoutmemory,youwouldn’tknowwhoyouare.Youcouldn’tthinkaboutthepastorpla
Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.【C1】______,illnessoraccidentsmayoccurwithoutany【C2】______.Frequentlythepersonw
TheUnitedStatesisa"telephoneland".Almosteveryoneusesthetelephoneto【B1】______socialengagements,visitwithfriends,
CustomsofficersataLondonairportyesterdayfound500,000poundsworthofdrugswhichwerebeingsmuggled(走私)intoBritainin
随机试题
怎样进行数控程序的运行轨迹检查?
下列各项中,属于注册会计师审计业务的有()。
A.不凝的血性液体B.黄绿色透明液体,无臭味C.稀脓性液体,略带臭味D.淡黄色透明液体E.黄绿色稠厚液体,带有粪便样特殊臭味下列疾病的穿刺液分别是以上哪种液体。急性阑尾炎穿孔
A.万古霉素B.四环素C.甲硝唑D.左氧氟沙星E.青霉素易引起“双硫仑样”反应的药物是
机械设备进场前,承包单位应向( )报送进场设备清单。
行政组织功能类型主要分为()。
通报、通报批评是对党员进行教育的形式,不属于党纪处分。()
《刑法》第246条第1、2款规定:“以暴力或者其他方法公然侮辱他人或者捏造事实诽谤他人,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。前款罪,告诉的才处理,但是严重危害社会秩序和国家利益的除外。”试说明:该条中“告诉才
Inrecentyears,moreandmoreforeignersareinvolvedintheteachingprogramsoftheUnitedStates.Boththeadvantagesandth
有一晚碰到一位认识她的熟人,说起她父亲前两天走了。一时不知说什么,想起那天她说的话,说她父亲走了,她不知如何办。正是夏天,没过几天在水果摊碰到她。她正俯身在摊前挑选葡萄,一串串挑好,放在塑料袋里。她在和摊主说话,除了那袭短袖黑裙透露出一点与丧事有关的消
最新回复
(
0
)