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  3. That a lack of wealth all too often translates into poor health may seem painfully obvious. But now a review of health inequalit

That a lack of wealth all too often translates into poor health may seem painfully obvious. But now a review of health inequalit

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问题     That a lack of wealth all too often translates into poor health may seem painfully obvious. But now a review of health inequalities in England reveals that such inequalities don’t just disadvantage the least well-off. The review also suggests some strategies to tackle the inequalities. These remedies should apply the world over, including in the US, where health and wealth inequalities can be especially severe.
    Commissioned by the UK government, the review was headed by Michael Marmot of University College London. Marmot, in his latest work, uses census data from across England to show that these health inequalities don’t just exist between the richest and the poorest. He says action to reduce health inequalities should take place right across society, not focus solely on the poor. "It’s not rich versus poor, because it’s a social grade," he says. What’s more, the most productive time to intervene to create a healthier society is childhood, Marmot says. That children who start out with well-off, well-educated parents are likely to be healthier would seem to be something of a no-brainer. But the fates of 17,200 UK babies monitored since they were born in the same week in April 1970, and highlighted in Marmot’s review, make compelling evidence.
    It turns out that babies who had low IQs at 22 months and were born to richer, better educated parents caught up by the age of 6 with children who started with high IQs but whose parents were poorer and less educated. "It shows that the social is exceeding the biological," says Marmot. "We can change that, and that’s why I’m optimistic." He also finds that children in poorer families miss out on pre-school reading, socialising and physical exercise. This disadvantage leaves them trailing far behind when they start school and they seldom recover.
    Such inequalities are not confined to the UK. A US report in April 2009 concluded that interventions most likely to improve the health of all Americans were "programs that promote early childhood development and that support children and families". A report from Brazil recommended prioritising "actions related to health promotion of children and adolescents". "We look forward to assessing how to adapt the policy recommendations for England to the rest of the world," says Riidiger Krech, director of the WHO’s department of ethics, equity, trade and human rights. He agrees that giving every child the best start in life "is critical in setting the foundation for a lifetime of health and successful contribution to society".
    What can be done to ensure this? One option is to extend maternity or paternity leave. Another is to help struggling parents by providing extra services and information.
Reports from America and Brazil is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to show that ________.
选项 A、the British review has worldwide influences
B、inequalities are not just limited to Britain
C、childhood development is an urgent global issue
D、inequalities are common in Western countries
答案B
解析 根据题干可直接定位到文章第四段。其中该段第一句就点明本段的中心语义：健康不平等现象不仅存在于英国。紧接着作者举出美国和巴西这两个例子，并说明他们所采取的一些对应措施和策略，后两句还谈到了WHO相关负责人对此问题的看法和解决思路。论据是为论点服务的，由此可知后面所说内容都是为了说明该段主旨句第一句的，故B项正确，其中not limited to对应第一句中not confined to的说法。美国和巴西的案例并不是受英国的审查报告的影响，故A项错误。儿童早期的发展确实是全世界面临的问题，但从第四段中并不能看出其紧急性，故C项错误。第四段讨论健康不平等问题，但如果是讨论西方国家的话也不应举巴西的例子，因为巴西并不属于西方国家，故D项错误。
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