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  3. The Holocaust was the Nazis’ assault on the Jews between 1933 and 1945. It culminated in what the Nazis called the "Final Soluti

The Holocaust was the Nazis’ assault on the Jews between 1933 and 1945. It culminated in what the Nazis called the "Final Soluti

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问题     The Holocaust was the Nazis’ assault on the Jews between 1933 and 1945. It culminated in what the Nazis called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question in Europe", in which six million Jews were murdered.
    The Jews were not the only victims of Nazism. It is estimated that as many as 15 million civilians were killed by this murderous and racist regime, including millions of Slavs and "Asiatics", 200,000 Gypsies and members of various other groups. Thousands of people, including Germans of African descent, were forcibly sterilized.
【C1】______
    The Nazis were the heirs of a centuries-old tradition of Jew-hatred, rooted in religious rivalry and found in all European countries. When the Nazis came to carry out their genocidal programme, they found collaborators in all the countries they dominated, including governments that enjoyed considerable public support. Most people drew the line at mass murder, but relatively few could be found to oppose it actively or to extend help to the victims, mainly Jews.
    So despite the fact that it had ancient roots, Nazi ideology was far from a primitive, medieval throwback—it was capable of appealing to intelligent and sophisticated people.
【C2】______
    Anti-Semitism, the new racist version of the old Jew-hatred, viewed the Jews as not simply a religious group but as members of a "Semitic race", which strove to dominate its "Aryan" rivals.
【C3】______
    Anti-semitism proved a convenient glue for conspiracy theories—since Jews were involved in all sorts of ventures and political movements, they could be accused of manipulating all of them behind the scenes.
【C4】______
    The Nazis brought their own strain of radical ruthlessness to these ideas. They glorified war and saw the uncompromising struggle for survival between nations and races as the engine of human progress.
【C5】______
    Nazism was thus an unscrupulous and warlike ideology, which always had the potential for genocide. But it took some time for an organized killing program to evolve in World War II.
[A]Among the leading ideologues of this theory were a French aristocrat, the Comte Joseph de Gobineau, and an Englishman, Houston Stewart Chamberlain.
[B]Many high-ranking Nazis had doctoral degrees and early supporters included such eminent people as philosopher Martin Heidegger, theologian Martin Niemoeller, and commander-in-chief of German forces in the World War I , General Erich Ludendorff. Hitler appealed with a powerful vision of a strong, united and "racially" pure Germany, supported by pseudo-scientific ideas that were popular at the time.
[C]Thus Jews were held responsible for Communism and capitalism, liberalism, socialism, moral decline, revolutions, wars, plagues and economic crises. As the Jews had once been demonized in medieval Europe, so the new anti-Semites, including many Christians, found new, secular ways of demonizing them.
[D]By late 1938, the Nazis could claim an impressive series of successes. Germany had staged the 1936 Olympics, annexed Austria and part of Czechoslovakia, and was in the midst of a strong economic recovery fuelled by rearmament. These triumphs had increased the Nazis’ popularity and their confidence. President Hindenburg had died and all opposition parties had been abolished. The last conservatives in the cabinet had been replaced by Nazis. The way was clear for radical action.
[E]In all about 900,000 people were gassed at Birkenau without ever being registered as prisoners, almost all of them Jews. This brought the total death toll of the Auschwitz complex to about 1. 1 million, of whom one million were Jewish.
[F]They rejected morality as a Jewish idea, which had corrupted and weakened the German people. They maintained that a great nation such as Germany had the right and duty to build an empire based on the subjugation of "inferior races".
[G]These programmes are best seen as a series of linked genocides, each having its own history, background, purpose and significance in the Nazi scheme of things. The ideas and emotions that lay behind these killing programmes were not new, nor were they uniquely German.
【C2】
选项
答案B
解析 此项承接上文，列举几个受纳粹思想蛊惑的名人，包括哲学家、神学家(theologian)和部队的总司令。希特勒得到了当时甚为流行的伪科学(pseudo—scientific)的扶助，声称不久之后德国会成为血统纯粹、国力强大的民族，德国的未来一片光明。
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