Social media manager. App designer. Offshore wind farm engineer. Sustainability manager. Ten years ago, none of these jobs exist

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问题    Social media manager. App designer. Offshore wind farm engineer. Sustainability manager. Ten years ago, none of these jobs existed. Today, they are hot careers. So how do you prepare high school students to work in—or create—a field that doesn’t exist?
   By adding collaboration and creativity into the classroom, says Stephan Turnipseed. " At 2 years old, when you do the standard creativity test, we are all—almost 100 percent of us—creative geniuses, "he says. "By the end of 12 years of education only 3 percent score at that same level. "
   Turning that trend around requires occasionally tossing aside some steadfast notions in the education world, he says, " We should be stressing things like collaborative test taking. " where each member of the testing team has a role. Turnipseed says. "When I was a kid that was called cheating. "
   Tasking teens to work in pairs to solve problems more closely mimics real-world problem solving than traditional testing environments. It also boosts students’ achievement.
   One high school English teacher found that her students scored 20 percentage points higher than those who had taken the same test in previous years. The difference: team testing. " Students were listening to one another, talking to their peers about test items, trying to decipher the correct answer and debating why an answer was not the best response, "the teacher notes.
   Traditional testing methods are often criticized for promoting memorization over actual learning, but they can also stifle creativity. Turnipseed suggests, "We ingrain in our students and our children that there is only one right answer, "he says, adding that while two plus two equals four in a normal math problem, in certain realms of physics, it doesn’t. "That’s probably not the best way forward. "
   " Instead, teachers should create an environment where there are a variety of correct answers to a given challenge, "Turnipseed says. That could mean having students devise a solution to an irrigation issue, or build a robot and then figure out how to make it go faster.
   Giving high school students opportunities to create and solve problems—and the freedom to devise multiple solutions—helps give classroom activities relevance and better prepares students for the workplace.  
The underlined word" that" in Paragraph 3 refers to______.

选项 A、tossing aside some firm ideas
B、taking collaborative test
C、encouraging them to memorize more
D、talking to their peers about test items

答案B

解析 词义猜测题。联系上下文可知此处的“that”指代上文出现的“collaborative test taking”,故选B。
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