2. 考研
  3. A newspaper is much more than a business; it is an institution. It reflects and influences the life of a community; it may affec

A newspaper is much more than a business; it is an institution. It reflects and influences the life of a community; it may affec

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问题     A newspaper is much more than a business; it is an institution. It reflects and influences the life of a community; it may affect even wider destinies.
    It is, in its way, an instrument of government. It plays on the minds and consciences of man. It may educate, stimulate, assist, or it may do the opposite. It has, therefore, a moral as well as a material existence, and its character and influence are in the main determined by the balance of these two factors. It may make profit or power its first object, or it may conceive itself as fulfilling a higher and more exacting function.
    Character is a subtle affaire, and has many shades and sides. It is not a thing to be much talked about, but rather to be felt. It is the slow deposit of past actions and ideas.
    At the perils of its soul, a newspaper must see that the news it supplies is not tainted. Neither in what it gives, nor in what it does not give, nor in the mode of presentation, must the unclouded face of truth suffer wrong. Comment is free, but facts are sacred. " Propaganda," so called, by this means is hateful. The voice of opponents no less than that of friends has a right to be heard. Comment also is justly subject to a self-imposed restraint. It is well to be frank; it is even better to be fair. This is an ideal. Achievement in such matters is hardly given to man. Perhaps none of us can attain to it in the desirable measure. We can but try, ask pardon for shortcomings, and there leave the matter.
    One of the virtues, perhaps the chief virtue, of a newspaper is its independence. Whatever its position or character, it should have a soul of its own.
    That is the path of self-respect—it is also the path of success. And what a work it is! How multiform, how responsive to every need—and every incident of life! What illimitable possibilities of achievement and of excellence!
    To the man, whatever his place on the paper, nothing should satisfy short of the best. It is here that ability counts and that character counts, and it is on these that a newspaper, if it is to be worthy of its power and duty, must rely.
选项
答案 报纸不仅仅只具有商业性，还具有社会功能。对一个社会而言，它既反映又影响社会生活，甚至可以影响更大范围人们的命运。 从特定角度看报纸可以说是政府的工具。它把握人们的心理和道义感，使之为己所用。它可能起到教育、鼓励和帮助的作用，也可能起到恰好相反的作用。因此，它的存在不仅是物质的，也是精神的；它的性格与影响力主要取决于这两个力量的平衡。它可以以利润或力量作为它的第一目标，也可以认为自己在履行一项更高的、要求更严的职能。 报纸的特点颇为微妙、难以描述，存在许多不同的层面。它不可言传只能意会，是过去行为和理念渐渐沉淀积累而形成的。 报纸必须确保提供的消息是准确无误的，否则会自毁灵魂。无论报道什么，不报道什么，以什么方式报道，报纸均应使事实真相清楚明白，不得有任何歪曲。评论固然享有自由，但事实是神圣不可动摇的。通过“宣传”这种方式做所谓“宣传"是可憎的。反对派和支持派有同等权利发表意见。评论也理应自我约束。说的坦率固然好，说的公正则更佳，这是一个理想状态。在这些问题上做好很不容易，也许我们大家谁都无法通过满意的方法达到理想的标准。我们所能做的只是尽力而为，做得不好就请求原谅，把问题放下继续前进。 报纸的优点之一，也许是最主要的优点，就是它的独立性。不管它的立场和特性如何它都应有自己的灵魂。 这就是自尊之路，也是一条成功之路。此项工作谈何容易!各种生活需求、事件丰富多彩，层出不穷。对每一需求每一事件又该如何及时反应?要获得成功和卓越也是极其可能的! 至于报业工作人员，不管他在什么职位，都不能只满足于次佳。而追求完美，能力和性格就起到关键作用。而正是依赖于此，报纸才不会有辱其力量和使命。
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