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  3. New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the l

New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the l

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问题                 New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing
    It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
    No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
    The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $ 7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publisher says that there are more than 2000 publishers world-wide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16000 journals.
    This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging: three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
In the first paragraph, the author discusses______.
选项 A、the background information of journal editing
B、the publication routine of laboratory reports
C、the relations of authors with journal publishers
D、the traditional process of journal publication
答案D
解析 主旨大意题。本题是一道典型的段落主旨题，但是本段没有典型的段落主题句。首句简洁、概括，但是主语It不好理解，因此只有在通读全段之后，才能了解It指的是journal publication。首句介绍过去学术期刊出版的特点。It used to be与第二段首句No longer相对应，一个介绍过去的出版状况，一个介绍当前的变化。结合段落的其他句子，我们可以得出本段落主要是说明过去学术期刊的出版过程及特点。第一段首句概括出传统的学术期刊出版的特点：简单、直接。第二、三、四句是一个整体，介绍了过去学术期刊出版的三个流程。第五句指出这种出版模式的局限性。通过前面的分析，我们知道本段谈及journal publication(期刊出版)而非journal editing(期刊编辑)，所以排除A。B中没有点明是过去传统的出版流程，所以排除。C是利用文章中authors和journal publishers设置的干扰项，本段重点不是讲述两者的关系。
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