首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
admin
2019-09-23
24
问题
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.
There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. Recently it announced that, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for anyone to read and redistribute.
Britain’s government is not alone. Soon the European Union followed suit. In the U.S., the National Institutes of Health (NIH, the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world) has required open-access publishing since 2008. And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the world’s second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support should make their work available free.
Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things. One is that their processes take months, when the Internet could enable them to take days. The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists — or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions — in an armlock. That, combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers) is free, leads to generous returns. In 2011, Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of £768 million on revenues of £2.06 billion — a margin of 37 percent. Indeed, Elsevier’s profits are thought so
egregious
by many people that 12,000 researchers have signed up to boycott the company’s journals.
Publishers do provide a service. They organize peer reviews, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts (though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do). They also sort the scientific sheep from the goats, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.
But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific publishing: doing it online, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are paying attention and asking whether they might also benefit from the change.
Much remains to be worked out. Some fear the loss of the traditional journals’ curation and verification of research. Even Sir Mark Walport, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce advocate of open-access publication, worries that the newly liberated papers have ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way they want.
A revolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it. If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.
Before the publication of papers, peer reviews are to______.
选项
A、differentiate papers
B、evaluate them
C、exercise the power of publishers
D、add the value of journals
答案
B
解析
细节题。根据关键词定位原文第5段第2句,大意为“出版社组织同行评审专家对论文进行匿名评审”,故选B(评估论文)。值得注意的是,选项A(区分论文)也与题意接近,但不如B准确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/Vt1YFFFM
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
A、正确B、错误A语义的理解和判断。根据原文Infact,mostofusspendagreatdealoftimetryingtogetotherpeopletodowillinglywhatwewantth
A、Theareaoftheleftsideofawoman’sbrainforlanguagelearningdevelopsbetterthanthatofaman’s.B、Therightsideofa
A、theservantsofGodtoenterheavenB、thepeopleonearthtohavealookatthemagnificentsightinitC、peopleonotherstar
Asalways,IampleasedtobehereattheNationalPressClubformy【L1】______Speech.ThisistheseventhtimeIhavehadthe【L2
TheCommissionisexpectedtoproposeallowingpeopletochoosewhichlegaljurisdictiontheywouldcomeunder,basedontheir【L
Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeherpersonality?
A、Theshipwasluxuriouslydecorated.B、Theshipwascarryingseveralmilliondollars.C、Theshiphadsomeprecioussculptureso
FightingAgainstHungerVocabularyandExpressionsmicronutrientsroadmapdonoragenciessmallholderfoodsecurityp
LatinAmericanandChineseofficialshaveopenedtwodaysoftalksontradeandinvestment.ThefirstChina/LatinAmericaand
HowmanyFortune500companieshavedisappearedfromtheplanetasaresultofAI?
随机试题
甲公司是ABC会计师事务所的常年审计客户,主要从事医疗器械设备的生产和销售。A类产品为大中型医疗器械设备,主要销往医院;B类产品为小型医疗器械设备,主要通过经销商销往药店。A注册会计师负责审计甲公司2015年度财务报表。资料一:A注册会计师在审计工作底
估计总体均数所在的范围应采用
(2006)车库、停车场等车流量较多的场地。其车辆出入口距学校建筑出入口不应小于()。
采用非吸气型喷射装置的泡沫喷淋保护非水溶性甲、乙、丙类液体时,应选用()。
2012年1月18日,荣昌商贸有限责任公司(以下简称荣昌公司)从龙腾公司购进一批货物,同时向龙腾公司开具一张支票,用于货款结算。荣昌公司开具支票时。将付款人名称填写为“荣晶商贸有限责任公司”,出票日期填写为“贰零壹壹年壹月拾捌日”,收款人未填写。后经财务部
下列关于上交所科创板保荐人持续督导制度的表述正确的是()。
在基金()的基础上,再加一定的手续费,就可以得出基金证券的买价和卖价。
某税务师事务所2016年3月对某企业2015年度纳税情况审核中发现多预提厂房租金100000元,该企业已结账,不考虑税费问题,需作的调账分录不正确的是()。
管理信息系统的开发战略要求管理信息系统要有一个()以指导它的各子系统的实现。
A、TheywerebothchairpersonsoftheStudents’Union.B、Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays.C、Theyaregoingtoh
最新回复
(
0
)