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  3. Hard work has been an important part of the American belief from the nation’s beginning. The American idea that hard work was to

Hard work has been an important part of the American belief from the nation’s beginning. The American idea that hard work was to

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问题     Hard work has been an important part of the American belief from the nation’s beginning. The American idea that hard work was to be esteemed distinguished us from Europeans who admired their gentlemen of leisure. For us, hard work rather than idleness was the way to distinction.
    Now, however, like many other traditional values, hard work is coming under attack. In academic journals, conferences and classrooms, the idea of hard work is considered to he another of those notions that the dominant forces in our society (i. e. white males) impose on the rest of us. It merely advances white-male interests -- as any woman or minority foolish enough to buy into the dominant value system will find out.
    In the recent, survey, high-school students in the United States and Japan were asked to rank factors that contributed to success in the classroom. Of the Japanese, 72 percent listed hard work first while only 27 percent of the American agreed.
    Many factors contribute to the devaluating of hard work. Thinking that self-esteem is crucial, many parents and teachers hesitate to point out a student’s failing, even laziness. To make matters worse, Americans place an unusually high value on the idea of innate(先天的) ability. And aptitude inevitably de-emphasizes the role that hard work plays in success. But if our students fail to see that hard work matters, it is because we are telling them, time and again, that it doesn’t, If we want young people to esteem hard work, it is up to us to show them its worth, its strength, and its significance in everyday life.
What are the factors that cause young Americans devaluate hard work? ______.
选项
答案Americans emphasize too much on self-esteem and innate ability．
解析 第四段前半部分谈到美国学生不再重视努力工作的原因。首先是家长和老师由于对孩子自尊的考虑，不再指出学生的失败和懒惰。更糟的是美国人极为重视天赋，天赋当然会降低努力在成功中所起的作用。总结起来就是“美国人过于重视自尊和天赋的作用”。
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